- •Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем mathematical software and computer systems administration
- •Unit I what do you major in?
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize
- •Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions to the text.
- •II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the proper words and word combination.
- •IV. Read the names of the subjects given below and say:
- •II. Find in the text b the English for the following Russian words and phrases:
- •III. True, False or No Information?
- •I. Read the sentences and define the tense and voice of the boldfaced verbs.
- •II. Put the verb to take into the proper tense form in accordance with the given context.
- •III. Put these sentences into the Passive Voice according to the model.
- •IV. Max is an it major. Read his letter to his American friend and put the verbs in the brackets into correct tense forms.
- •V. Work in pairs: you are Max and his friend. Ask and answer the questions.
- •I . Follow the link and watch the video.
- •II. Complete the sentences with the right option
- •III. Discuss the point below (first in pairs, then with the class brought together).
- •Unit II
- •In the world of mathematics
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize
- •Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions to the text.
- •II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •How to Read Mathematics
- •I. Now see how it works. Read aloud the examples written in words.
- •I I. Visit YouTube web site and watch his video.
- •I. Find in the text b the English for the following Russian words and phrases:
- •II. Which of the following is not mentioned in the text b or is not true?
- •I. Fill in the gaps with the given modal verbs.
- •II. Change these sentences, substituting the modal verbs with their equivalents.
- •III. Choose the proper modal verb or equivalent for the Russian words in the brackets.
- •I . Follow the links above and watch the video “Famous Women Mathematicians”.
- •II. Complete the sentences with the right option.
- •Unit III computer software
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize.
- •Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions to the text.
- •II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the proper words and word combination.
- •I. Put the jumbled paragraphs into right order within each part.
- •II. Place the proper title to each part.
- •III. Find in the text the English for the following Russian words and phrases.
- •I. Choose the right form of the Infinitive.
- •II. Complex Object or Complex subject? Choose the right form of the Infinitive and translate the sentences.
- •III. State the function of the Infinitives and translate the sentences.
- •I . Follow the link above and watch the video.
- •II. True or False?
- •III. Describe the range of responsibilities of a software engineer, using information from the video.
- •Unit IV computer programming
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize.
- •Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions to the text.
- •II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the proper words and word combination.
- •Text b. 10 Programming Languages You Should Learn
- •I. Read the text and put the names of programming languages into the right passages.
- •II. Find in the text the English for the following Russian words and phrases:
- •I. Replace the Infinitive in brackets with Participle I or II.
- •II. Absolute Participle Construction. Read and translate the sentences.
- •III. State the function of the participles, given in italics, and translate the sentences.
- •I . Follow the link above and watch the video.
- •II. True or False?
- •III. Speak about programming classes in your university (what programming techniques you study, if it’s also fun as j. Madine says, etc.)
- •Unit V
- •Information systems administration
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize.
- •Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions to the text.
- •II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •I. Find the English for the following Russian words and phrases.
- •II. True, False, or No Information?
- •III. Write a resume of your own on the analogy.
- •I. Choose the right form of the Gerund.
- •II. Complexes with Gerund. Translate the sentences.
- •III. State the function of the Gerund and translate the sentences.
- •I . Follow the link above and watch the video.
- •II. True or False?
- •IV. Pair off, discuss in dialogues the range of Information Systems Managers’ responsibilities.
- •Bibliography
- •Test for Unit I
- •Contents
Unit IV computer programming
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Topical Vocabulary
I. Read and memorize.
affine function – аффинная функция
application domain – область применения
avoid – избегать
behavior – поведение
configure – настраивать, устанавливать конфигурацию
constraint – ограничивающее условие
debugging – отладка
declarative language – декларативный язык
elaboration – разработка, переработка
expertise – компетенция, знания и опыт
hierarchy – иерархия
inherit – наследовать
iteration – итерация, цикл, повторение
lambda calculus – лямбда-исчисление
linear equality – линейное равенство
linear inequality – линейное неравенство
linear objective function – линейная функция цели
mutable – изменяемый, переменный
polytope – политоп
problem-solver – решатель задач
programming (coding) –программирование
functional programming – функциональное программирование
linear programming – линейное программирование
logic programming – логическое программирование
object-oriented programming – объектно-ориентированное программирование
recursive programming – рекурсивное программирование
programming languages – языки программирования
high-level programming language – язык программирования высокого уровня
low-level programming language – язык программирования низкого уровня
5GL – язык программирования пятого поколения
programming (software) tools – средства программирования, инструментальное ПО
application generator – генератор прикладных программ
assembler – ассемблер
compiler – компилятор
debugger – отладчик
editor – программа редактирования
interpreter – интерпретатор
rather than… – а не…
real-valued function – действительная функция
recursion – рекурсия
source code – исходный код
technique – метод, прием
theorem-prover – программа автоматического доказательства теорем
troubleshooting – поиск и устранение неисправностей, отладка
vertex (pl. vertices) – вершина, точка пересечения кривых
II. Which terms from the Topical Vocabulary do these definitions refer to?
1. The process of preparing an instructional program through the use of objects. 2. The process also known as debugging. 3. A computer program, intended to work as a universal machine for finding solutions. 4. A restricting condition, a force. 5. The process also known as programming. 6. А principal or highest point; а point that terminates a line or curve or comprises the intersection of two or more lines or curves. 7. A mathematical method of solving practical problems by means of linear functions. 8. A computer programming technique involving recursion. 9. A programming tool that translates instructions written in a higher-level symbolic language into machine language before the instructions can be executed.
Reading Section |
Pre-reading discussion.
1. What programming languages have you already learned or are now learning in the course of University studies? Did you learn programming before entering the University?
2. Are you good at programming? Is it difficult for you to grapple with this subject?
3. Can you say what stages a typical programming process involves?
4. Do you consider any programming techniques you study of little or even no importance?
Text A. Programming Techniques
Computer programming is a field that has to do with the analytical creation of source code that can be used to configure computer systems. More detailed, programming (or coding) is the process of designing, writing, testing, debugging (or troubleshooting), and maintaining the source code of computer programs. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behavior. The process of writing source code often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.
In what follows, some most common programming techniques will be considered.
Linear programming is a mathematical modeling technique for the optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. Given a polytope and a real-valued affine function defined on this polytope, a linear programming method will find a point on the polytope, where this function has the smallest (or largest) value if such point exists, by searching through the polytope vertices. Linear programming is useful for guiding quantitative decisions in business planning, industrial engineering, and – to a lesser extent – in the social and physical sciences.
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids mutable data. Functional programming wants to avoid state changes as much as possible and works with data flowing between functions. This method has its roots in lambda calculus, developed in the 1930s to investigate function definition, function application, and recursion. Many functional programming languages can be viewed as elaborations on the lambda calculus.
Logic programming is the use of mathematical logic for computer programming. In this view of logic programming, logic is used as a purely declarative representation language, and a theorem-prover or model-generator is used as the problem-solver. The problem-solving task is split between the programmer, who is responsible only for ensuring the truth of programs expressed in logical form, and the theorem-prover or model-generator, which is responsible for solving problems efficiently.
Recursive programming is a powerful technique that can greatly simplify some programming tasks. In brief, recursive programming is the situation in which a procedure calls itself, passing in a modified value of the parameter(s) that was passed in to the current iteration of the procedure. Typically, a recursive programming environment contains (at least) two procedures: first, a procedure to set up the initial environment and make the initial call to the recursive procedure, and second, the recursive procedure itself that calls itself one or more times.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around “objects” rather than “actions” and data rather than logic. OOP uses predefined programming modular units (objects, classes, subclasses, and so forth) in order to make programming faster and easier to maintain. Object-oriented languages help to manage complexity in large programs. Objects package data and the operations on them so that only the operations are publicly accessible and internal details of the data structures are hidden. This information hiding made large-scale programming easier by allowing a programmer to think about each part of the program in isolation. In addition, objects may be derived from more general ones, “inheriting” their capabilities. Such an object hierarchy made it possible to define specialized objects without repeating all that is in the more general ones.