Введение

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов строительных специальностей.

Цель данного учебного пособия – подготовить будущих специалистов в сфере строительства к использованию иностранного языка в их будущей профессиональной деятельности, чтению и переводу специальной литературы и обсуждению профессиональных тем на английском языке. В пособии содержатся тексты, способствующие усвоению тематического словарного минимума и формирующие умение пользоваться им в процессе общения по данной теме. При отборе текстового материала в качестве основного критерия служила информативная ценность текстов и их соответствие профессиональным требованиям подготовки будущих специалистов в области строительства.

В пособии представлены упражнения для развития умений в чтении, касающихся сферы строительства, стимулирующие интерес студентов и их творческую активность. Упражнения к текстам носят продуктивный и репродуктивный характер, служат для снятия лексических и грамматических трудностей, основаны на учебном материале, используемом в рамках данной специальности.

Vocabulary

Study the words and translate the sentences. Learn the words.

1. to depend on (upon) – зависеть от

After school the she started working as she didn’t want to depend on her parents.

2. wood – 1) лес, роща; 2) дерево (материал), древесина

Though it was dark they had to go through the wood.

The houses in the country are made of wood.

3. earth – земля, земной шар

The moon goes around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.

4. top – верхушка, вершина.

The top of the mountain was covered with snow.

5. region – область

There are many woods in our region.

6. stone –камень

A path paved with stone went to the garden.

7. without – без

He left without saying good-bye.

8. still – eще

They were still working when we left.

9. to appear – 1) появляться; 2) казаться

The ship appeared on the horizon.

It appears to me that you are right.

10. shallow – мелкий

In summer some rivers become very shallow.

11. hole – дыра, отверстие

There was a big hole in the roof of the old house.

12. roof – крыша

The roof of the house was painted green.

13. brick – кирпич

The art of brickmaking dates back to very early times.

14. to put up – 1)поднимать; 2) возводить

The sportsmen put up the flag at the top of the mountain.

A new bridge was put up across the river.

15. above – над, выше

Our parents live in the flat above.

16. to borrow – 1) брать взаймы; 2) заимствовать

He often borrows money from his friends.

The Romans borrowed much from the Greeks.

17. flat – 1) плоский; 2) квартира

In Asia one can see many houses with flat roofs.

They have just move into a new comfortable flat.

18. to arouse – пробуждать, вызывать

The exhibition of old cars aroused great interest.

19. direction – направление

They were driving in the direction of the forest.

20. middle – середина

There was a table right in the middle of the room.

21. in turn – по очереди; в свою очередь

The teacher called out the students in turn.

22. thus – таким образом

The information thus collected helped to solve the mystery of this crime.

23. strength – 1) сила; 2) прoчность

He is a man of great strength.

They devoted a new synthetic material of great strength.

24. unfortunately – к сожалению

Unfortunately they were out when we called.

25. thick – 1) толстый; 2) густой

The people were safe behind the thick walls of the house.

They were going through a thick forest.

26. to serve – служить

Young men have to serve in the army.

27. to destroy – разрушать

Minsk was almost completely destroyed during the war.

28. effort – усилие

Please make an effort to arrive on time.

29. to restore – реставрировать

Many fine old buildings were restored.

30. shortage – нехватка, недостаток

Among other difficulties the expedition had food shortage.

31. unit – 1) единица; 2) агрегат, узел

The metre is a unite of length and the gramme is a unite of weight.

32. advanced – передовой

Advanced technologies must be used to increase the scale of production.

33. to assemble – собирать(ся)

He is a good engineer. He has assembled a motor-car of his own.

34. advantage – преимущество

Living in a big town has many advantages.

35. to cut – 1) резать; 2) сокращать

Glass is usually cut with a diamond.

The company has cut the workforce by half.

36. to extend – удлинять

According to the new plan the railway will be extended as far as the seaport.

37. to heat – отапливать

In England plenty of houses are heated with coal.

38. furthermore – кроме того, к тому же

They knew the painting was a forgery (подделка). Furthermore, they knew who had painted it.

39. duration – продолжительность

He will be in hospital for the duration of the school year.

40. expensive – дорогой

This car is very expensive.

41. huge – огромный

He is a man of huge strength.

42. limestone slab – известняковая плита

The floor was covered with limestone slabs.

43. site – строительная площадка

Building parts are assembled at a site.

44. hut – хижина

Hut was the first house of people who lived where there was much wood.

45. slant – наклонный

The Greeks made the roof slant in two directions from the middle.

46. durable - прочный

The walls of the castle were very durable.

47. tie – связывать

Men tied together the tops of several trees.

48. shape – 1) форма; 2) придавать вид

Window usually has rectangular (прямоугольный) shape.

49. iron – железо

50. reinforced concrete - железобетон

TEXT 1

Architecture is both science and art. Our life, our mood sometimes depend on the buildings around us. Read the text about the history of architecture.