2.2. Technologies|technicology| of manipulation

The important question of the modern Ukrainian policy|politics| is|appear| political consciousness formation by means of | MASS-MEDIA|media|. Very often politicians, journalists|minder|, experts, specialist and even ordinary |after all||just| citizens, interested in a policy,|politics| are use the term "manipulation consciousness" or "political manipulation" etc.

Quite often one understands in the concept|notion| of manipulation consciously or unconsciously in a wrong sense. In detail we will consider the elements of elector’s manipulations consciousness on concrete examples during the presidential electoral|selective| races in 2004.

What is "manipulation consciousness during hustings"? Shortly, it is the system of ideological and spiritually-psychological influence facilities on electors’ consciousness |voter|, on conditions of the real|this| aims and ideas concealment |thought|, on purpose to get certain|definite| political force support |strenth|, which both will impel a person to give|return| the vote for a necessary candidate or party and also will make compel it|her| to want|wish| that to do. Deception, being one of major methods in all of manipulation technology|technicology| , in itself can not create manipulation influence. Untruthful information, influencing the man’s conduct , does not touch his|its| spirit, his|its| intentions|intendment| and options at all.

Docenko gave|giveth| it a suitable|appropriate| determination|definition|: "Someone asks us the way to Minsk, and|but| we show him the way to Pinsk by mistake. It is only deception. Manipulation will take a place in case if the man was other, going to Minsk, and|but| we did so that he wanted to go to Pinsk".

During hustings manipulation consciousness becomes more important and is applied practically. Elections 2004 can be as a perfect example. Victor Yushchenko the candidate on the post|fast| of president, declared|jile|: «If honestly, I do not envy a government. In fact today, in order to position oneself as a decent|considerable| man, they say: «I have no attitude toward a government». It is important|influentially| for me, the fight|wrestling| to be honest, public and professional|. The biggest threat gaints it there is a dishonest policy|politics|, falsification|fraud|, manipulations, MASS-MEDIA control |media|, dependent courts|court| »[11,p.26]

Electoral|selective| campaign of 2004 has a lot of features and, indisputably, is|appear| interesting in the context of manipulations consciousness consideration. Even because two basic|main| candidates had possibilities|potentialitie| and sufficient|suffite| resources for manipulation operations realization. If during the previous hustings in Ukraine the mass consciousness manipulation were carried out by the power, due to mass communication facilities, access to which was limited for opposition representatives |by|.

It is possible to talk that during these elections|, that manipulation technologies|technicology| were applied by presidential race candidates-leaders commands|order| . It should pay attention to the elements which concerred |concern| | negative|subzero| attitude formation toward a competitor, that had a great|longrange| influence on the electors|voter|, than formation of own candidate’s positive|staid| image. Plenty of electors|voter|, if not majority, voted not for, but against a certain|definite| candidate, especially in the second|second-| round|turn| and its re-election|its| |.

We will consider basic effective principles and manipulation consciousness methods during the hustings 2004. We will also pay attentions such principle, as « to add odiousness». It is not necessarly|of course| to find out or to think up about a competitor something negative|subzero|. During elections a competitor is tripped by himself . Successfully this principle was applied by |use| Yushchenko’s staff, in particular the scandal about Yanukovych’s previous convictions , the event in Ivano-Francovsk with Yanukovych’s falling from an egg blow|kick|, spellings errors of the imperious|masterful| candidate, the replacement of words|wd| after a phrase "because" on the big-boards|. The Yanukovych’s staff used the episode of brawl near the Central Electoral Comitee with Yushchenko’s participation and his|its| comrades-in-armses.

As a closely-related method political technologists consider “well -meant action having opposite effect” ( so called “bear’s favour” ). That is a competitor’s provocative support by social groups which will provoke the electorate most part tearing away.

Yanukovych’s command|order| used|use|, in particular, a publicity roller|godet| about Yushchenko’s support by the organization OUN with Kozak, at the head, who speech jointly with Yushchenko will forbid the use of Russian, and the march along on Kreschatik of members UNA with Kovalenko at the head , allegedly to support Yushchenko under fascist symbols and scansion: "Yushchenko!".

The principle is " neglect of transference|overrunning| ". A competitor “ is caught|caugt|", when in one or another form|shape|, shows|display| neglect to|by| the electors|voter| (at on unresponsible meeting|occurring|, with a small audience|auditory|, in a not good-looking casual|accidental| episode). Besides the | neglect is carried|transfer| either at the time, when the previous competitor’s speech is being televised|, or for a smaller |lesser| audience|auditory| to a large|big| one (telecast|). Falseinformation is not here , but tendentiousness is absolute|unc|. A classic example of the use|utillizing| of this methods is a multiple show|demonstration| on the " channel 5|lade|" of the words|wd| of Yanukovych at the meeting of Party of Regions about "goats interesting with our lives". The manipulation fundamental mechanism |manipulatory| is a |appear| suggesting, that is an attempt to convice other in concrete judgements without presenting real facts |senza|, and it is unimportant, whether these facts are available or not.

Label-sticking. First of all due to MASS-MEDIA|media| (“channels 5” and “Era ” are among |by| the all- Ukrainian | TV channels which supported|underprop| Victor Yushchenko, others, mainly, were an instrument in the hands|arm| of Victor Yanukovych’s command|order| ), they remains | for a long time, become ordinary|usual|, everyday words|wd|, sometimes|at times| substituting other, less aggressive concepts|notion|. It was applied by |use| both staffs at a certain|definite| expect enough|pretty| effectively.

Information of repetition. The MASS-MEDIA|media| used repetitions in the news reports|communication| , where in every next issue the most meaningful information repeated itself without|senza| any ammendments or changes|variating|. That was named|call| rough "copies" which was inculcated|introduct| by Administration of the president. A rough copy is the name of |call| a document|paper| without|senza| a signature, which is sent by e|-mail|surface-mail| to the leaders of some MASS-MEDIA|media|, mainly, TV channels, the owners|manager| of which are the businessmen depended on the President|. This document|paper| contains|maintain| the list of events|timeevent|, that | took place in Ukraine or abroad , but are connected with Ukraine. There is a |by| comment to every event|timeevent| and|but| more precisely, guidance to|by| the actions|act|,of some enigmatic analysts, taking into account the tone of recommendations, close to the|by| surroundings|environment| of the head of President’s administration [1,p.6]. The echnique of variant of "repetition" is also |appear| the frequent|narrow-meshed| use of slogans and keywords.

Assertion|statement|. The feature of this methods is MASS-MEDIA|media| preference to dispute by bare |controversion| assertion|statement| in support of their thesis, limiting the opinions pluralism and submitting only one. It concerned |concern| news and analytical programs practically on all of TV channels.

Derision. High efficiency of derision method is connected with its |its| influence on the sphere of the poorly realized psychical phenomena|phenomen|, that reduces effectiveness of person’s psychological defence|protection|. The example of devision efficiency in the previous presidential hustings in Ukraine is|appear| eloquent. Yushchenko’s command|order|, mainly with the help of the Internet, successfully used|use| the episode with Yanukovych’s falling from an egg blow|kick| by during his|its| visit to Ivano-Francovsk. The complete|whole-note| series|sere| of cartoons | and plenty of anecdotes were thought up and placed in the Internet on this theme|object-matter|, and also ” in honour" of the error|mistake| in writing|spelling| the autobiography by Yanukovich, the 15-serial comic|comedy| serial " The operation "Proffesor" was released. This film|movie| was in large|big| demand among internetusers and promoted imperious|masterful| candidate’s “unserious” image creation.

Public opinion of manipulation|manipulatory| questioning . It means to convise the citizens in the support of desirable political position by most society with the help of references to public opinion false questioning. The use|utillizing| examples of this method can be observed in the actions|act| of both staff, in particular in case during the so-called|so called| exit-poll|. Their results differentiated cardinally between themselves depending on the "favour" of sociological service to|by| one or another candidate.

And another example of consciousness manipulation was a short telecast of Korchinskiy and Dzhangirov on the channel|lade| "1+1" – "About that".

All the issues of this program were devoted to criticism and painting the opposition exceptionally|only| in dark colours |subze. It was done in such a way that during|for| the program of the names of Yushchenko and Timoshenko used many times with a negative|subzero| background , and|but| sometimes|at times| with absurd prosecutions|accusation|. It was done on purpose that after watching this program, the audience remembered, that Yushchenko was "bad", but in fact it was difficult for the viewer even after the program finishing to give information which had been stated in the program and could confirm it. It is considered that in 30 minutes|mn| an audience|auditory| remembers 60% of contents only. At the end of|at close of| day, only 40% remains in memory, and|but| at the end of|at close of| week - 10%. As a result the problem disappears itself during|for| 10 days, if, certainly|of course|, it|her| will not "tepefy" by new|firsttime| "facts" or periodic repetition. If to repeat a report|communication| with sufficient|suffite| frequency, it will be perceived by audience|auditory| and fixed in mass consciousness. This program put|stage| a purpose by means of multiple assertion|statement| to influence the person’s subconsciousness and to create negative|subzero| appearance opposition candidate’s in person’s |its| imagination, but not to give sufficient|suffite| facts.

The author’s program of Pikhovshek "Epicentre" on "1+1" is interesting for research|work-up| |appear|. During the analysis of certain|definite| event|timeevent| an original presenter gave a few|a little| variants of comments|commentary| that happened at the direction, or further event development |timeevent| with the analysis of data, facts, documents|paper|, saying of concrete politicians on this occasion. But the variants were chosen by the author tendentiously (the author did not pay any attentions to the events development varient really probable at first) in order to fill the viewer’s consciousness with a planned “right” conclusion.

For this purpose|for this reason| the confirmative|confirmatory| information relatively|in relation to| "not necessary" variants was presented|represent| enough|pretty| weakly |slimsy|, but a "necessary" variant was full with | "concrete" facts|. All that was accompanied by the proper comments|commentary| of the anchorman and at the end of the |at close of| theme|object-matter|, as a rule, a rhetorical question was put|stage|. This influence of example can be considered as one of the most professional methods of manipulation consciousness on Ukrainian television and it is necessery to admit V. Pikhovsheka "professionalism" . But the citizens’ high mistrust to|by| the figure of the anchorman and to|by| Ukrainian television in general hintered more efficiency of this program|generally|.

The method of intimidation was used as in the previous presidential hustings. In particular the staff of Yanukovych created by Yushchenko’s image as a "fascist" and "American brother-in-law|son-in-law|" by the help of the known televisional|TV| rollers|godet| of Kozak and Bazilyuk "technical" candidates, and Kobzon’s musical|music| clip and in many other ways.

The opposition candidate’s staff used technology|technicology| of intimidation by "Donetsk lawlessness" and that in the case of Yanukovych’s victory , Ukraine will become almost a dictatorial state and will be isolated|insulant|.

For this purpose|for this reason| " channel 5 |lade|" demonstrated|show| the programs which gave information about gangsterism in Donetchina, about Yanukovych’s criminal past and his|its| connection with the criminal world. The figure of Yanukovych was represented as a protege of Russia. And many Russian |pretty| ambiguous reaction on the electoral|selective| process|Carbro| in Ukraine promoted it.

Such instrument|tool| of Yushchenko’s command manipulation as rumours spreanding pays attention.|attn.| Rumours spreanding is technology|technicology| which enables to turn |direct| the informative field to an advantageous direction , as it is practically impossible to refute then. In particular, rumours were spread about allegedly Yanukovich’s application of physical|physics| force|strenth| to|by| one or another people. Efficiency of such rumours during the elections was increased by the Yushchenko’s staff with the help accent on the official candidates saying about "goats ineresting with our lives" the incident with a pensioner in Zhitomirschina and the candidate’s criminal past . All that increased assertions verisimilitude |statement| about a imperious|masterful| candidate’s assault.

The abovementioned |enumerate| list of |accident| manipulations cases by consciousness, which were used|use| at the presidential elections|,entirely completed |full|. It is possible to state that such fight|battle| of manipulation technologies|technicology|, which was conducted at the elections|,caused the citizens’ opinions sharp division on political processes|Carbro| in the country and hardly resulted in the |hairpin| state dissidence.

The situation is still tense|straighted| even today, in spite of the fact that|although| |reeve| more than year passed new|firsttime| president’s inauguration. And|but| with the beginning|origin| of hustings-2006 the situation was only sharpened.