4) Find in the text the English equivalents for the words and word

combinations below:

поліцейський; патрульні функції; спеціалізований поліF

цейський підрозділ; федеральна служба безпеки; носити форму

і бути озброєним; знаходитись на звязку; поліцейська охорона

суспільного порядку; поліцейський район; втілення влади; праF

вопорядок; правоохоронна діяльність; маркірована радіофіF

кована патрульна машина; щит від вітру; здійснювати рейси;

попередження; піший патруль; кінний патруль; гелікоптер; порт;

основна мета; допомога; підозрілі обставини; рівень злочинності;

патрульна машина; функція утримання; маршрут патрулювання;

досвічений офіцер; незвичайні обставини; взаємодія.

5) Ask questions to get the following answers:

1. The patrol function is fundamental to law enforcement.

2. The everFpresent force of officers in uniform and armed, on call

24 hours a day, is policing.

1. to be on call 24 hours a

day

1. відповідати на прохання

про допомогу

2. to cover a beat in a patrol

car

2. підтримувати

присутність поліції

у

суспільстві

3. to be omnipresent

deterrence to potential

criminals

3. діяти за власним

розсудом

4. to answer (to respond) the

calls for assistance

4. патрулювати район на

патрульній машині

5. to maintain a police

presence in the community

5. зупиняти підозрілих осіб

для допиту

6. to probe suspicious

circumstances

6. завжди бути стримуючим

фактором для

потенційних злочинців

7. to be left to the discretion

of smb.

7. розслідувати підозрілі

обставини

8. to stop suspicious

characters for questioning

8. знаходитись

у межах

радіозв’язку з

диспетчером поліції

9. to be within radio range of

a police dispatcher

9. знаходитись на зв’язку

цілодобово

Unit 14 Police Patrol

72 73

3. The patrol officer is the generalist of law enforcement.

4. The typical patrol officer today covers a beat in a marked, radioF

equipped patrol car.

5. In recent years some new experiments have been done to meaF

sure the effectiveness of foot patrol.

6. Occasionally officers use motorcycles or small motorbikes.

7. In some communities, officers patrol waterfronts and parks with dogs.

8. Some police agencies have miniature navies for river and harbor

patrols.

9. Patrol officers represent the full authority of police power.

10. Patrol, in all forms, has three primary purposes.

11. Sometimes patrolling officers may spend most of their onFduty

time responding to calls.

12. The pattern followed during any particular police patrol depends

on a variety of factors.

13. Patrol patterns are broken when unusual circumstances are observed.

14. The dispatcherFpatrol officer relationship is central to policing.

6) Complete the following text with the words and expressions from

the box:

Cowboys

The chief of … of a large metropolitan … department had availF

able three special tactical … which he assigned nightly to unanF

nounced and randomly selected … areas with instructions to conduct

widespread field interrogations, frisks and … to «get the weapons and

junk off the street». All three tactical units, called «Cowboys» by regF

ular …, operated every night, yearFround. They would sweep into an

area – some officers in …, some in … clothes, some in … cars, some

in unmarked cars – and stop pedestrians, particularly by groups of

young males, and, usually at gunpoints, interrogate and … them.

patrol

police

highFcrime

search

patrolmen

uniform

units

civilian

7) Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the

questions.

Crime Scenes

A police officer and her prowl car partner jointly worked out a

series of major checkpoints on their patrol route which they were careF

ful to visit at unpredictable times. These checkpoints included an alF

ley containing rear doors to a number of warehouses, a schoolyard

where youth gangs were known to congregate, a subway station where

a homicide had occurred some 2 years earlier, an isolated bus stop,

and a pawn shop that had often been burglarized in the past. When

not responding to calls, their patrol duties were otherwise random

within their precinct, but these checkpoints were always visited at least

twice during each tour of duty.

Choose the correct answers. Don’t use the text.

1. A patrol (prowl) car was to visit a series of major checkpoints

on their patrol route at:

a) fixed times,

b) unpredictable times,

c) predictable times.

2. These checkpoints included:

a) a schoolyard where youth gangs were known to congregate,

b) a big supermarket,

c) an isolated bus stop.

4. These checkpoints were always visited at least:

a) twice during each tour of duty,

b) once during each tour of duty,

c) 4 times during each tour of duty.

8) Complete the following sentences by translating the words and

expressions in brackets:

1) It seems reasonable that the visible (присутність поліції) will

deter some (потенційних порушників закону).

2) It is also evident that (кількість і види злочинів) that can be so

deterred are limited.

3) Many of the (злочинів) most feared by the public, like (вбивство

та розбійний напад), are customarily committed indoors, out

of the sight of roving patrols.

Unit 14 Police Patrol

74 75

4) Common street crimes (розбій, торгівля наркотиками, зґвалF

тування і навіть вбивства) – do not occur in equal distribution

throughout a community.

5) In most instances of aggressive preventive patrol, the police

(зупиняє, опитує та проводить обшук) the individuals.

6) Citizens have (забезпечене конституцією право) to be freed

from (невмотивованих обшуків та вилучень) and aggressive

patrol tactics (порушує) this right.

7) Although the police do not deny the extraFlegal nature of aggresF

sive patrolling, they often (виправдовують) its use (на підставі)

that there are no alternatives.

9) Work in pairs:

Imagine that you are a police officer from Ukraine, asking your

American colleague about types of patrol in America. Do similar inF

stitutions exist in your lawFenforcement system, with comparable

functions?

Unit 15

Detectives

If uniformed police officers are the frontline troops of law enF

forcement, civilianFclad police detectives are not far behind, and

make up the second wave in crime control efforts. Most city police

departments of any size have detective units, distinct from but in close

working relationships with the patrol force. In specialized instances,

like the FBI and similar governmental enforcement agencies that have

no routine patrol functions, both frontline officers and most of their

superiors are detectives.

In general, detectives occupy a higher status and enjoy more presF

tige than uniformed officers, both within and outside the police deF

partment. This does not necessarily mean that a detective occupies a

higher rank than a patrol officer; in fact, rank in the paramilitary

structure of most police agencies has little to do with whether an ofF

ficer is a member of the patrol force or a detective in a special invesF

tigating unit. Typically in large departments, patrol officers of differF

ent ranks from rookie through various «grades» to sergeant, lieutenF

ant, captain, and so forth, are under the command of a chief of patrol.

In terms of functions, working conditions, privileges, and prestige,

becoming a detective at any rank is ordinarily considered a promoF

tion. Detective status is normally earned after an officer has served on

patrol or in some other uniformed capacity.

The real nature of police work on all levels is only dimly underF

stood by most outsiders, but of all police activities, that of the detecF

tive has been the most romanticized, to the point where common

notions about it have almost nothing to do with the reality. A detecF

tive «mystique» exists which consists of nonsense written and televised

about detectives and which sometimes affects the detectives’ own beF

havior and obscures their real role.

It is hard to convince most people that crime investigation is not

a very scientific enterprise, that the work of detectives is no more imF

portant than the work of patrolmen, that being a detective is not very

exciting, and that not all crimes can be solved by detective work. The

mystique persists, and yet detectives themselves report that most of

their activities are routine and simple, involving a lot of paperwork,

Unit 14

76 77

and are often less demanding and less challenging than situations

handled by police officers on patrol. Most working detectives admit

that their ability to solve crimes is grossly exaggerated and that luck

rather than skill or training is often the most important element in

solving cases.

The public in general and criminal juries in particular expect deF

tectives to employ elaborate scientific investigative devices, like finF

gerprints, lie detectors, ballistics reports, and spectrographic analyF

sis of physical evidence. Latent fingerprints, voice patterns, bloodstain

analysis, and the like rarely provided the basis for identifying a susF

pect. But the detective is caught in a bind. Juries are reluctant to conF