4) Find in the text the English equivalents for the words and word

combinations below:

могутні політичні лідери; соціальна структура; расові упеF

редження; зловживання владою;корупція; тиск; поліцейські

департаменти; неефективна поліцейська система; юрисдикція;

децентралізований характер влади; приятель; доручення; охоF

роняти; політичні закази; технологічні вдосконалення; струкF

турні зміни; поліцейська адміністративна рада; успіх; оплата

праці; стати членом (вступити до ...); пограбування; заколот; заF

кликати; підтримка суспільства; ФБР; бездоганна репутація;

право бути обраним; вплив; підготовка агентів; створити імідж;

засоби масової інформації; привілеї; всебічне вивчення; менF

шини; «подвійний стандарт»; патрулювати вулиці; брутальF

ність; жорстокість; неоднорідність; напіввійськове формуванF

ня; організація з ієрархічною структурою; централізована влаF

да; право бути обраним; бездоганна репутація; боротьба зі

злочинністю.

5) Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false?

1. During the «political era» of police history, police represented

powerful political leaders.

2. By the 1850s various technological improvements were being inF

troduced into urban policing.

3. At first structural changes met great success.

4. Police strike in Boston in 1919 stirred an interest in police reform.

5. Hoover raised eligibility standards for and implemented training

of agents, and established the FBI’s reputation for professionalF

ism.

6. Since the late 1960s, a few black officers patrol the streets.

7. During the reform era police departments were restructured in a

quasimilitary fashion.

6) Complete the following text with the words and expressions from

the box:

1. In the aftermath of the Boston …, various crime commissions,

including some of the national … began to investigate the extent

of American … and the ability of the police to deal with it.

2. There was no intensive effort made to educate, train, or discipline

police … or to eliminate those who were incompetent. … forces

3. to cut down on corruption 3. придушити заколот

4. to meet little success 4. подавати

у найбільш

сприятливому світлі

5. to break the strike 5. ставити в нерівні умови

6. to present in the most

favorable light

6. виконувати політичні

замовлення

7. to put people at a

disadvantage

7. не мати достатніх

навичок поліцейської

роботи

8. to eliminate smb. from

consideration

8. багато ще чого треба

зробити

9. to use a double standard in

dealing with smb.

9. не розглядати чиюсь

кандидатуру

10. more needs to be done 10. не використовувати

подвійний стандарт щодо

когось

11. to pass directives down

through a chain of

command

11. передавати накази за

командою

12. to select according to

competitive procedure

12. обирати на конкурсній

основі

Unit 13 The Reform Era

66 67

suffered from inadequate methods of communications and had

poor … .

3. An early pioneer in … was August Vollmer.

4. He was a police … in California, and he instituted university trainF

ing as an important part of the … of the young officer cadre of his

police.

5. The work of Vollmer, and others did a great deal to upgrade the

standards of American … .

6. With their innovations and the introduction of various technologF

ical … (including the radio, the patrol car, and new techniques in

forensic science and criminalistics) major … … rapidly moved toF

ward the scientific control of … .

strike

equipment

development

officers

chief

crime

police agencies

level

policing

advances

7) Work in pairs. Discuss the following points:

1. What led to pressures from inside and outside police departF

ments for reform?

2. Why was American policing inefficient at that time?

3. Lingering effect of racism.

Use the following words and expressions:

– Well, …

– Talking about …

– Frankly speaking …

– To tell the truth …

8) Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the

questions.

A great deal of policing has historically been performed not by

governmentFsponsored police departments but by private police agenF

cies. Perhaps the best known of the private agencies is the earliest,

Pinkerton’s, which was founded in Chicago in 1850 by Allan PinkF

erton, a Scottish immigrant and Chicago detective. Pinkerton’s is still

a major private police agency with over 100 offices in the United States

and Canada. The company supplies private security guards, consultF

ants, electronic surveillance equipment, and undertakes investigaF

tions. The term «Private eye» can be traced back to a Pinkerton adF

vertisement, which shows an unblinking eye with the caption «We

Never Sleep ».

A. Answer the teacher’s questions (Books closed)

B. Give a short summary of the text

9) Express your opinion as to the changes in American police during

Reform Era, using the words given:

– I think that …

– In my opinion …

– To my mind …

– If you ask me …

Unit 13 The Reform Era

68 69

Unit 14

Police Patrol

The cop on the beat has been and continues to be the mainstay

of policing. The patrol function is so fundamental to law enforcement

that the need for it seems beyond dispute. Patrol remains basic to all

but the most specialized police agencies such as the FBI. Indeed, to

many citizens, the everFpresent force of officers dispersed throughF

out the community, in uniform and armed, on call 24 hours a day, is

policing. All other police activities are service functions, seen by many

people as necessary but as secondary in importance to working the

beat. This attitude is a bit extreme, yet there is some truth to it. The

patrol officer is the generalist of law enforcement and the most visiF

ble embodiment of authority, of law and order, in our communities.

And there is little doubt that the success or failure of law enforcement

depends in great part on the quality of patrol officers and the ways in

which they are used by their commanders.