- •1) The theoretical course of grammar. Relationships between theoretical and normative grammar. Language and speech.
- •5) The transformational method and its application to the English grammar.
- •2) Grammar and phonetics. Grammar and lexicology.
- •3. Methods of grammatical investigation. The distributional method and its application to the English language
- •4) The method of Immediate Constituents and its application to the English language
- •7) Morphology and syntax. Their relationship and boundary lines between them
- •6) The notion of opposition in grammar (nouns, verbs, adjectives)
- •8) The notions of grammatical meaning and grammatical forms as applied to the English language.
- •9) Grammatical categories in Modern English
- •11. Types of word-form derivation in English. Inflectional morphemes, sound alternation, zero morpheme.
- •10) The basic morphological notions: word-morpheme, morph, allomorph.
- •12. Analytical forms, suppletivity, grammatical homonymy.
- •14) Controversy in Parts of speech. Classification of parts of speech.
- •15) Charles Fries classification of words and its character
- •16) The noun. Its definition, grammatical meaning, morphological characteristics, syntactical functions.
- •17) The noun. Its grammatical categories. Problem of gender in Modern English
- •18) The noun. The category of number and its peculiarities in the English noun. Singularia tantum and pluralia tantum.
- •19) The noun. The category of number and its peculiarities in the English noun. Collective nouns and nouns of multitude.
- •35. The Sentence. Classification of sentences according to their structure.
- •20) The noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case in Modern English. Mutual relations of number and case.
- •40. The Predicate. Types of predicates. Simple and compound Nominal Predicates.
- •38. The main parts of the sentence. Their definition.
- •22) The verb. Its definition, grammatical meaning and morphological classification of verbs,
- •23) The verb. Semantic-syntactical classification of verbs.
- •29. The Verb. The category of Voice, its definition. Different views on the problem. Relationship of voice and transitivity and intransitivity of verbs.
- •37. The Sentence. Types of complex sentences and their structure.
- •24. The Verb. The problem of aspect. Definition of this category. English and Russian aspects compared.
- •30. The Verb. The category of Voice, its definition. Different views on the problem. The question of the reflexive voice.
- •28. The Verb. The category of Mood. Definition, different conceptions of the mood system in English and objective reasons for the existing controversy.
- •25. Controversy concerning the category of aspect. Assessments of different approaches to continious forms.
- •27. The verb. The perfect. Controversy concerning the essence of perfect forms. Assessments of different views on the problem. The category of time correlation.
- •26. The Verb. The category of tense, its definition. System of tenses in the English Verb.
- •41.The Predicate. Types of predicates. Compound Verbal Predicates. Mixed types.
- •31. The problem of the subject matter of Syntax. Basic syntactical notions. The phrase and the sentence.
- •39.The Subject. Types of the subject.
- •32. Syntax. The phrase definition, types of phrases.
- •36. The Sentence. Types of coordination within the compound sentence.
- •33. The Phrase. Ways of expressing syntactical relations within a phrase (agreement, government, adjoinment, enclosure)
40. The Predicate. Types of predicates. Simple and compound Nominal Predicates.
The predicate is the main part of speech, denoting an action, state or quality of the thing, expressed by the subject of the action. In a simple predicate both predication and the designation of the process are combined in one and the same verb which may be used, both in its synthetic and analytical form – for example – ‘She studies English”(synthetic form) and ‘She has been studying English for 3 years’ – analytical form.
The compound nominal predicate consists of a link verb and a predicative. For example, ‘He grew more cheerful.’
21) The non-finites. Their form, meaning and function. Double character of verbals
The verb has finite and non-finite forms. The verbals do not express person, number or mood. They cannot be used as the predicate of a sentence, but verbals have tense and voice distinctions. There are 3 verbals in English: the participle 1, participle 2 and the infinitive.
The participle is a non-finite form of the verb, which has characteristics of a verb, adjective or adverb. Participle 1 has for forms: Indefinite Active (doing), Indefinite passive (being done), Perfect active (having done), Perfect Passive (having been done). Participle 1 Indefinite Active and Passive usually denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb. Depending on the tense form of the finite verb it may refer to the Present, past or Future. For example, ‘When watching this film, she can’t help crying’ (here the participle 1 ‘watching’ is In the present tense, it’s indefinite active); ‘When watching this film, she couldn’t help crying ’ (here the participle 1 ‘watching’ is In the past tense); ‘When watching this film, she will cry” (here the participle 1 ‘watching’ is In the future tense).
Participle 1 Perfect active and Passive denotes an action prior to the action, expressed by the finite verb. For example, ‘Having seen her, he knew she was not at home’. ‘Having seen’ is in the perfect active form. But there is some exception, with some verbs of sense perception and motion, such as to see, hear, come, arrive, seize, look, turn, enter, etc, participle 1 indefinite is used even when priority is meant. For example, ‘Coming back to her home town, she wanted to meet her friends. ’
condition (with the conjunction ‘’if) – ‘his diary, if discovered, could let her know many interesting things’.
38. The main parts of the sentence. Their definition.
Every sentence has 2 types of parts of a sentence – main and secondary. The main parts of any sentence are the subject and the predicate. They are contrasted with the secondary parts – object, attribute, adverbial modifier. The main parts make up the predication, without them the sentence would not exist at all. The secondary sentences expands the sentence.
The subject is the independent part of sentence, denoting a thing, whose action or character is expressed by the predicate. The subject may be expressed by different parts of speech – noun (‘Cat is my favorite kind of pet’), possessive pronoun (‘Mine is a sorrowful fate’), substantivised adjective (‘green is my favorite color’).
The predicate denotes an action, state or quality of the thing. For example, He stayed at home, ‘stayed’ is the predicate of a sentence, denoting an action.