IV семестр грамматический материал

1. Модальные глаголы с перфектной формой смыслового глагола и особенности перевода их на русский язык.

2. Неличные формы глагола: Infinitive, Gerund, Participles I, II (сложные формы). Независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот и его перевод на русский язык. Основные функции инфинитива в предложении. Инфинитив в функции определения.

3. Простая и сложная формы герундия. Герундиальный оборот и особенности его перевода на русский язык.

4. Инфинитив в составе сложного дополнения (объектный инфинитивный оборот или сложное дополнение). Инфинитив в составе сложного подлежащего (субъектный инфинитивный оборот или сложное подлежащее) и особенности переводa подобных конструкций на русский язык.

Контрольная работа 4 Test 4, Variant 1

1. Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях сочетаниями must have, yпотребив глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Participle. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец: I can't find my pen. I ... (to leave) it at home.

I can't find my pen. I must have left it (it home.- Я не могу найти свою ручку. Я, должно быть, оставил ее дома.

1. She ... (to take) the magazine with her. It is not here.

2. They don't answer their telephone.

3. They ... (to go) away some­where.

2. Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях сочетанием may have, употребив глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Past Participle.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Mr. Smith ... (to go) home.

Mr. Smith may have gone homе .- Мистер Смит, возможно, ушел домой.

1. She … (to take) by mistake.

2. They … (to telephone) while you were out.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальное сказуемое:

1. You must have misunderstood me. I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

2. She must have failed to understand this rule, that's why the exercises are done in the wrong way.

4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия:

1. I remember having obtained these data in our previous experi­ments. 2. Watching foot­ball matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 3. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 4. Can you remember having seen the man before? 5. Не was afraid of waking her. 6. I'm looking for­ward to going on holiday. 7. She congratulated her­self on having thought of such a good idea.

5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий:

1. Перестаньте разговаривать. 2. Мы уже закон­чили чтение этой книги. 3. Продолжайте петь. 4. Вы не против того, чтобы открыть окно? 5. Он отрицал, что совершил преступление. 6. Шум в соседней комнате мешал мне думать. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать на юг летом.

6. Замените придаточные предложения герундиальным оборотом, употребив пред­логи, данные в скобках:

Образец: Before we start an experiment, we collect the necessary data, (before) - Before starting an experiment, we collect the necessary data.

1. We achieved good results in our work because we used modern equipment. (by)

2. When we were testing the machine, we found that it needed improvements. (on)

7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герун­диальный оборот:

1. I had no idea of his leaving St Petersburg so soon. 2. Aunt's coming here gives me much pleasure. 3. The librarian did not object to the reader keeping the book one day longer.

8. Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль­ными оборотами, вводя их, где необходимо, предло­гами, данными в скобках после предложения:

1.When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing. (on) 2. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre. (for) 3. The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once. (on)

9. Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль­ными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо, соот­ветствующие предлоги:

1.Tom was afraid that he might be late. 2. Bill remembered that he had walked about the factory gate for months. 3. When the young man graduat­ed from Harvard, he returned to Russia.

10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия:

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 5. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 6. Nobody saw the things kept in that box.

11. Замените придаточные предложения времени причастными оборотами:

1. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language. 2. When you speak English, pay attention to the order of words. 3. When you are copying English texts, pay atten­tion to the articles.

12. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причас­тия:

1. The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.

2. Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

3. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.

4. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.

13. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:

1. There being an extensive system of free evening and correspondence education in Russia, a great number of people are part-time or correspondence students. 2. The translation having been done, we went for a short walk. 3. She stood listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast. 4. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her.

14. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя не­зависимый причастный оборот:

1. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на каток. 2. Так как все было готово, она решила отдохнуть. 3. Так как было уже поздно, они никуда не пошли.

15. Определите, чем в предложении является ing-форма

(причастием, герундием, отглагольным существительным):

1.Не was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence.

16. Употребите сказуемое в следующих предложениях в Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не has worked at the plant for many years.

He has been working at the plant for many years.

Он работает на этом заводе в течение многих лет.

1. They have talked for more than an hour.

2. She has taught English for ten years.

3. He has done very little work recently.

17. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на времена группы Perfect Continuous (Progressive):

1. Не has been doing that same kind of work for many years.

2. Have you been looking through these magazines long?

18. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, об­ращая внимание на времена группы Indefinite (Simple):

Образец: They build many new houses every year.

Many new houses are built every year.

1. They did not adopt the resolution yesterday.

2. The teacher will examine the students next week.

19. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на времена группы Continuous (Progressive):

Образец: They are building a new house in our street.

A new house is being built in our street.

1. They were discussing this problem when we came in.

2. The students are writing a dictation now.

20. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, об­ращая внимание на времена группы Perfect:

Образец: They have built a new house in our street.

A new house has been built in our street.

1. Russian scientists have made many wonderful discoveries.

2. They will have published this book by the end of the year.

21. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глагола should:

1. He should spend more time on his homework.

2. They should not make so much noise.

3. You should learn as many new words as possible.

22. Переведите текст, составьте 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

A Wonder Metal

The story of titanium is extraordinary. To begin with, it was discovered twice. A British scientist, William Gregor, found it first and called it menachanite, and six years later, in 1797, M. H. Klaproth, a German chemist, also found it and gave it its present name.

For many years, titanium was of inretest only to re­search chemists — it was considered too brittle to be of any practical value. Yet it was the impurities with which it was usually associated (it forms compounds easily with nearly every known element) that made it brittle.

It cost the chemists in many countries endless efforts to isolate pure titanium and even more to start producing it commercially. In 1948 the world stock of pure titanium was only ten tons. Today the output is much larger.

Titanium has one surprising property — it is complete­ly inert in biological media, something the medical community was quick to notice. It is being used to make artifi­cial joints and many other things necessary in surgery at the Priorov Central Institute of Traumatology and Ortho­pedics. Titanium instruments do not corrode, and are thir­ty per cent lighter than instruments made of stainless steel.

Titanium's high standard of corrosion resistance, lightness, tensile strength, and the ease of forging, rolling and stamping are finding it more and more uses. Tita­nium alloys are very useful in mechanical engineering, and for chemical and refractory apparatus. Titanium helped Soviet design engineers to surmount the sound and heat barriers in supersonic and high-altitude aircraft designing. On earth, it shows good work at chemical plants, in the pulp-and-paper and food industries. More­over, it is still a source of surprise for the investigator.

A group of researchers at our Institute, under the leadership of Professor. I. IKornilov, D. Sc. (Chemistry), produced a material that has a kind of "memory", as the following experiment shows: a thin bent strip of the new alloy was clamped to a stand, a 500-gram weight hung on the free end. A current was passed through for several seconds, which heated the strip to more than 100 °C. As if commanded by an enigmatic force, it straightened out like a tight spring and lifted the load. When the current was switched off, the strip gradually went back to its orig­inal shape. The cycle was repeated a number of times, and the strip always "remembered" its original shape. The surprising phenomenon of direct conversion of ther­mal energy into mechanical is seen with the naked eye.

The explanation is in the crystalline modifications of titanium-nickel alloy which, changing with the tempera­ture, also changes back again.

This is why the material has a "memory" and special acoustic properties. At room temperature, the alloy called titanium nickeloid becomes soft, ductile and does not pro­duce the characteristic metallic sound when struck. How­ever, when it is heated to a certain temperature, it becomes hard, resilient and ringing.