Екзаменаційний білет № 4

1. The Future Indefinite Tense – утворення і вживання.

2. Аналіз складу тканини та її властивостей.

3. Переклад тексту з англійської мови.

1. Cultivated silk is the finest, most elastic and most durable of all natural textile fibres. The filament of silk is stronger than steel wire of the same diameter and can be considerably stretched without breaking. Its remarkable strength in comparison with its diameter permits of a very strong, light and durable fabric being made. It is especially priced for its brilliant luster, elasticity and beauty.

2. Silk is produced by the silk worm in spinning a cocoon. The worm changes its colour to a semi-transparent pink, and from a hole in its lower lip the silk thread begins to appear. Then by a waving motion of the body the worm gradually envelopes itself in a cocoon of silk which is drawn out in a double thread, slightly twisted, and covered by silk gum. Once the silk worm starts spinning it never leaves off until the silk is exhausted. The total length of silk given out is about 500 yds.

On enveloping itself in the cocoon and on giving out its silk, the worm commences to change from worm to chrysalis, and then to moth. This takes about two or three weeks. After being fully formed, the moth eats its way out of one end, dries its wings in the sun, then flutters about. On leaving its cocoon the moth lays its eggs on a leaf and dies. The eggs hatch into silk worms and the process begins again.

4. In breaking its way through the end of the cocoon, the moth cuts the silk thread on thousand of places, making it impossible to reel it off. The cocoons are gathered as soon as they have been spun, and then the insect inside it killed either by steam or by hot air. This must be done very carefully in order not to spoil the silk.

1. The Present Continuous Tense – утворення і вживання.

2. Аналіз складу тканини та її властивостей.

3. Переклад тексту з англійської мови.

All the materials used in the manufacture of clothing are called textiles and are made of long or short fibres.

These fibres can be felted together or made into a continuous thread or yarn and then woven or knitted. So from beginning to end in the production of felt, in the spinning of a very coarse thread or in the weaving of the finest silk cloth the whole process of textile manufacture consists of the combination of fibre with fibre.

2. No material is more common in the world than fibre; it is the form of all vegetable and most animal substances. Flesh is fibre; skin is fibre; muscles are bundles of fibres; leaves, flowers, fruits, stems of grass, bark and wood of trees are all fibres.

3. From the masses of fibrous substances around them, the textile workers of all lands have selected those materials which seem to them most suitable.

To be suitable for textile purposes a fibre must possess certain properties and qualities such as length, strength, cohesiveness, elasticity and many others.

4. Principal fibres now in use – wool, silk, cotton, flax – have come to us from prehistoric times and are natural fibres. Today numerous chemical fibres are being introduced. These fibres are made by man and are therefore called manmade fibres. Chemical fibres are the achievement of the development of science of the 20^th century.

5. According to their origin the fibres may be divided into vegetable fibres (cotton, flax), fibres of animal origin (wool, silk), and chemical or man-made fibres (rayon, capron, nylon etc.).