1. brains

2. second

3. MP3

4. hear

5. digital

6. sounds

7. sampling

8. format

9. CDs

10. smaller

11. per

12. inaudible

13. file

14. WAV

15. minute

16. frequency

17. compressing

18. sound

19. removed

20. Megabytes

MP3 is a set of standards for ... (1) and storing ... (2) audio and video. Whereas CDs and ... (3) files require about 11 MB for one minute of sound, ... (4) files give you the same ... (5) quality in a ... (6) which requires only about 1 MB for each ... (7) so a single track takes only three to five ... (8). Computers store sound as digital information. They do this by ... (9) – taking a sample of the sound thousands of times ... (10) second. ... (11) store information in a format called CD-DA. This samples 44.000 times per ... (12) and is broadly similar to WAV. MP3 files depend on the fact that our ... (13) do not detect all ... (14). An MP3 encoder removes from a WAV... (15) all but the parts we don’t ... (16). Sounds above 16 kHz are ... (17) for the most people so these can be ... (18). Quieter sounds masked by loud sounds of a similar ... (19) are also removed. The result is an MP3 file which is much ... (20) than the WAV original.

Task 8. Translate the following sentences.

1. One of the problems in dealing with computer-controlled sound and graphics is that the related files require extremely large amounts of storage. 2. Storing graphics, sound and video files on a high-capacity device such as compact disc (CD) is the solution to the problem. 3. These devices store information by etching the encoded data into the same kind of plastic disk used to store and play back popular music. 4. With the emergence of more realistic computer graphics, many people have found the computer’s monitor to be a limited output device for displaying them. 5. Early computers were seen primarily for storing and displaying information in the form of numbers and text. 6. After printing or displaying the graph you can see the advantages of the new device. 7. Using computer greatly reduces the amount of time it takes to create presentations that use many different forms of information. 8. They succeeded in making a number of multimedia applications. 9. Today, special devices have means of storing video images in digital form on a computer’s magnetic media as computer graphics. 10. By rapidly delivering these digital graphics images to the computer screen one after the other we can simulate the kind of video images we see on our television set. 11. Today software companies are busy creating programmes to manage multimedia resources. 12. We insisted on their developing the programs which vary considerably in design, but are all capable of incorporating text, graphics, sound and video into one program. 13. The difficulty was providing special software for dealing with external devices such as CD-ROM drives and videodisc drives and for incorporation of digital video.

Task 9. Unscramble the letters to complete the definitions from an online dictionary. Type in your words.

1. dheasenpho _________: device which covers each ear and allows you to listen to audio without other people hearing;

2. pertyhtex ________: text with links to other text or other parts of a document or web page;

3. Tacvitiyniter __________: allowing two-way communication between a program and the user;

4. pormicnohe ____________ : equipment that allows you to record your voice;

5. batscewf__________: a concert or other event broadcast over the Internet.

Task 10. Translate into English

1. Одним з методів скорочення об'єму, що займає музика, є MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). 2. Файли у форматі MIDI зазвичай містять інструкції типу: «зіграти на такому-то інструменті таку-то ноту протягом такої-то кількості секунд». 3. В результаті MIDI-файли займають незначний обсяг. 4. Проте сам характер представлення звуків не міг повністю задовольнити як користувачів, так і розробників. 5. Потрібно було знайти принципово нове рішення. MIDI- це скоріше не метод запису звуку, а спосіб запису команд, що посилаються музичним інструментам. 6. МIDI-файл (зазвичай це файл з розширенням MID) містить посилання на ноти, а не на запис музики як такий. 7. Коли МIDI-сумісна звукова карта отримує МIDI-файл, карта шукає необхідні звуки в таблиці через ці посилання. 8. Певний інструмент відповідає конкретному посиланню. 9. Так, наприклад, великий барабан визначений цифрою 55. 10. Коли звукова карта знаходить посилання під номером 55, вона видає звук великого барабану. 11. Зразки зберігаються на диску і завантажуються в процесі відтворення звукових сигналів. 12. Крім того, існує можливість для зміни звучання інструментів, а також заміни їх.

Task 11. Read Text B and find answers to the following questions.

1. Is it possible to bring information in the form of graphics, sound and video under computer control? 2. Is there any difference between the videodisk player and compact disk player? 3. Why are multimedia authoring systems widely used to manage the presentation of information? 4. Explain the term ‘virtual reality’?