The Nominative Case

The nominative case is the initial form of Russian nouns. All nouns appear in dictionaries and vocabularies in the nominative.

The good news is that you can use nouns right from a dictionary, without changing their form, to make up simple Russian sentences. The nominative is always used in the sentences like "Это ..." (This is...) or "Вот ..." (Here is...). This means that nouns in the nominative answer such questions as Кто? Что? (What? Who?). Here is what you could say:

Кто это?	Это студент.		Who is this?	This is a student.
Что это?	Это страна.		What is this?	This is a country.
Вот что?	Вот дом.		What is here?	Here is a house.

You may notice that there are no prepositions in the example sentences. This is because the nominative is never used with prepositions. When you want to use a preposition, think of the remaining five cases to use.

The nominative case has the following usages:

• to speak about the person or thing performing an action or being in a state.

Спортсмен бежит.	The sportsman is running.
Ребёнок спит.	The child is sleeping.
Мать любит сына.	The mother loves the son.
Дочь красива.	The daughter is beautiful.

• to define the person of thing or refer them to a certain group of people or things

Иван студент.	Ivan is a student.
Роза - это цветок.	The rose is a flower.
Москва - столица России.	Moscow is the capital of Russia.

• to designate the person or thing on which the action is directed

Дом построен хорошими специалистами.	The house is built by good specialists.
Собака не видна.	The dog is not seen.
Сказка рассказана бабушкой.	The fairy-tale is narrated by a grandmother.

The Demonstrative Pronouns

The words тот , та, то (that), те (those), этот, эта, это (this), эти (these),такой, такая, такое, такие (such) and столько (so) are Russian demonstrative pronouns. This group of pronouns most clearly demonstrates quality and quantity of objects, as compared to all other pronouns. 

For example:

Эта улица широкая. На ней столько красивых машин.Такие улицы встречаются в городах часто.

(This street is wide. It has so many beautiful cars. Such streets are common in cities.)

All demonstrative pronouns change by gender, number and cases. This means that they have masculine, feminine and neuter forms in the singular and one form in the plural (for each case). Let's consider the word этот for example.

Change of "этот" by gender, number and cases

Case	Singular			Plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
Nominative	этот	эта	это	эти
Genitive	этого	этой	этого	этих
Dative	этому	этой	этому	этим
Accusative	этого (animate), этот (inanimate)	эту	это	этих (animate), эти (inanimate)
Instrumental	этим	этой	этим	этими
Prepositional	об этом	об этой	об этом	об этих

An exception from the rule above is the pronoun столько, which changesonly by cases, as shown in the table.