8. . The general notion of the Noun. (the general characteristics)

Nouns are names of objects, i.e. things, human beings, animals, materials, abstract notions, states (e.g. table, house, man, dog, snow, music, love, sleep).

Semantic characteristics.

All nouns can be divided into two main groups: proper nouns and common nouns.

A proper noun is used for a particular person, place, thing or idea that is unique. It is generally spelled with a capital letter. Sometimes proper names can be used as common nouns: Ford ― a Ford = a car; Repin ― a Repin = a painter like Repin, etc.)

Common nouns can be classified into count nouns (denoting object that can becounted), uncount nouns (denoting object that cannot be counted) and collective nouns (denoting a group of persons)

Count nouns may be concrete denoting animate (boy, child) or inanimate (table, book, tree) objects and abstract (idea, question, problem).

Uncount nouns nouns may be abstract (fun, socialism) or material (bread,iron).

Many uncount nouns can also beсome countable in certain contexts.(He bought an evening paper.- He bought wallpaper.)

Collective nouns may be nouns of multitude (people, police, etc.) or collective proper (family, company, staff etc.) Collective nouns of multitude are used in the plural. Collective nouns proper are used in two ways: if you regard a particular noun as a single body, it is used in the singular: The audience was enormous. If you regard a noun as a group or persons, then it is used in the plural: My family are watching TV now.

9.The Parsing of the Noun.

Parsing Nouns

Let us see how the nouns in the following sentence are used, and thus learn to parse them.

John's brother is a boy of intelligence.

John's is a proper noun, third person, singular number, masculine gender, possessive case, and modifies brother. Brother is a common noun, concrete, third person, singular number, masculine gender, nominative case, and the subject of is. Boy is a common noun, concrete, third person, singular number, masculine gender, and predicate nominative after is. Intelligence is a common noun, abstract, third person, singular number, neuter gender, objective case, and the object of the preposition of

To parse a noun tell: |

1. Its class, - common or proper.

2. If common, whether concrete, collective, or abstract.

3. Its person, gender, number and case.

4. Its relation to other words in the sentence, whether it is a. The subject of a verb.

b. The predicate nominative after a verb.

c. The nominative by address.

d. The nominative absolute.

e. The object of a verb.

f. The object of a preposition. g. A possessive, and what noun it mqdifies. h. In apposition, in what case, and what noun it explains.

10.Inherent Categories of the Noun.

a) Number

b) Gender

c) Case

The English word "noun" comes from the Latin nomen, meaning "name." We use nouns to name things, such as a person, animal, object, place, or action or abstract idea, such as an event or quality (boy, koala, block, farm, invasion, or kindness). Nouns can be defined more precisely by the other words that go with them. In particular, nouns often have the definite article "the" in front of them.

He liked the chocolate

The four properties of nouns

The four formal properties of nouns are case, gender, number, and person. Thus, how each noun will function depends on which property the noun is exhibiting. Consider the following examples for each of the four properties:

Case

Case defines the role of the noun in the sentence�as the subject or object or to show possession. Nouns in the subject and object role appear identical in form; nouns that show possession, however, are slightly different as they usually require an apostrophe.

The French player (subject) is especially tall.

The manager chose the French player (object).

The French player's (possessive) skill is famous.

Gender

Gender classifies nouns into masculine and feminine, for example, king, queen, boyfriend, and girlfriend. In the past, many nouns changed their form according to their gender, for example, author and authoress. However, these days, the use of gender-specific nouns is rare. Many common nouns, such as engineer or teacher, can refer to men or women.

Number

Number shows whether one or more objects are being referred to. Most nouns change their form when they become plural, by adding �s or �es, for example, cloud/clouds or church/churches. A noun ending in �y, preceded by a consonant, becomes plural with �ies, as in fly/flies, cry/cries, or city/cities. But forming plurals is not always straightforward. There are many irregular forms of noun plurals, such as woman/women or crisis/crises

11. Noun Modifiers.

a) The Article

b) The Pronoun

c) The Adjective

Noun modifiers have an important job: to make nouns more expressive. Illustrated by the word "important" in the previous sentence, this type of word comes in various forms � all with a particular manner of altering the nouns attached to them. A noun modifier can come before a noun or after it. It could include complicated polysyllabic adjective phrases, or just anarticle like "an" or a demonstrative like "those."

A noun can have a pre-modifying noun or adjective, or it could include the noun modifier afterward. This alteration often will change the article being used. For instance, the article "an" in the phrase "an aimless sentence" changes to "a" when the modifier changes position � "a sentence that's aimless."

Another noun, several nouns or an adjective can serve as a noun modifier. It would be grammatically correct to call something "vanilla ice cream," "vanilla bean ice cream" and even "melted vanilla bean ice cream." When the modifiers come after the noun, words like "that" or "of" are added as appendages. "Melted vanilla bean ice cream" becomes "vanilla bean ice cream that's melted" or even "vanilla bean ice cream that's melted all down my wrist and onto the floor."