Билет № 16

1. Прочитайте, переведите, перескажите и задайте пять вопросов разных типов к тексту.

Christmas is probably the most festive time of the year, a season of gift­giving and celebration. We all know that Christmas is a religious holiday which marks the birth of Jesus Christ. But did you also know that some of the traditions are adapted from rituals dating back to the time before Christianity?

Many pagan peoples regarded the winter solstice as a time of celebration. Anticipating the return of spring, people decorated their homes with evergreen plants, a symbol of eternal life. Mistletoe was especially popular, as it was believed to have magic powers.

People hung sprigs of mistletoe in their homes and kissed beneath them as a gesture of friendship. At pagan festivals there was also a lot of singing and dancing going on – “dancing in a circle” is the original meaning of the word “carol”.

Still now we keep these traditions up: we sing Christmas carols and dance around in circles, we kiss beneath the mistletoe and we decorate our homes with Christmas trees. By the way, did you know that it was a German who set the trend of decorating Christmas trees in England? It was Prince Albert, Queen Victoria’s husband. When he moved to England, Christmas trees had already been popular in continental Europe, but not in England.

In 1841, Prince Albert put up a Christmas tree at WindsorCastle. The event was reported in the press; and as the whole country was very keen on the royal family, people enthusiastically took up the custom of decorating a tree at Christmas.

2.Говорение.

Вы встретили своего соседа и хотите рассказaть ему о своей последней поездке. Расскажите ему: почему путешествие стало так популярно; какие (с Вашей точки зрения) самые лучшие способы путешествия; что люди любят делать во время путешествия.

You met your neighbour and you want to tell him about your last journey. Tell him why travelling has been so popular; what the best means of transport for travelling is (from your point of view); what people like doing while travelling.

Билет № 17

1. Прочитайте, переведите, перескажите и задайте пять вопросов разных типов к тексту.

WHY PEOPLE GET TATTOOS

The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one's friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large 'Xs' tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special 'uniform'. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. For example,some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person's friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.

The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.

It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings - in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others' names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.

2. Говорение.

Представьте себе, что Вас пригласили на конференцию по вопросам здорового образа жизни. Расскажите своим товарищам: почему многие люди делают все возможное, чтобы быть здоровым; что нужно делать, чтобы быть здоровым; какие виды спорта популярны среди Ваших друзей.

Imagine that you were invited to take part in the conference on healthy lifestyle. why lots of people try to keep fit; what you do to keep fit; what sports are popular with your friends.