View gis Coverage area, km2 Scale
Global 5 ⋅ 102 1 : 1 000 000–1 : 100 000 000
National 104 –107 1 : 1 000 000–1 : 10 000 000
Regional 103 –105 1 : 100 000–1 : 2 500 000
Municipal 103 1 : 1000–1 : 50 000
Local (commandment 102 –103 1 : 1000–1 : 100 000
Reserves, national
tional parks)
Geographic information system resource type
One of the most common types of GIS in Earth Sciences - resource designed to inventory, assessment, protection and management use of resources, forecast the results of their
operation. Most often used for their formation favor existing thematic maps, which figures and introduced into a database as a relative individual data layers. In most cases are based on the GIS banks and extensive database of digital information except where maps include data directly perennial
Observing, statistics, data remote sensing. An example is serve GIS "Black Sea", created on the basis of
International Cooperation Chernomortion basin. This pool with a variety of marine
cal life, abundant fish resources, warm sandy beaches and unique on beautiful coastal scenery, to attract
of tourists in recent decades experiences catastrophic deterioration of environmental situation
Creating a GIS implemented in MSU Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics. The Work
provides for the collection, processing and linking all car chromatographic materials and results of expeditionary observations received from participating countries
SIC, the creation of specialized software for data entry and editing of digital data compilation of electronic maps, modeling and research related to formation of resource and environmental GIS
"Black Sea". [3] GIS provides two functions: modeling and informing about the object. It supports scientific and research work within akvato Rhee and the adjacent part of the Black Sea basin, ensures dissemination of information to all pro-
was interested users and decision-making on environmental and protective measures directed
lennym to rescue unique ekogeosistemy. In the development of GIS "Black Sea" and saturation
its database was attended by 11 scientific research Development Institute of the Black Sea Basin
Basin and more than 50 experts. The main information unit in GIS "Black Sea" is map, accompanied by descriptions, text description and additional information pertinent -
Xia to Coverage objects. Thus itself card is treated as a set of layers and conclusions
de screen are superimposed on one another.Each layer is attributed to the following attributes
you: the name of the layer corresponding to the submitted mental subject; sign visibility; sign of activity
of. Typically, the card has one (sometimes more) thematic layer and geographical basis.
Total GIS "Black Sea" contains about 2000 maps,grouped into seven thematic sections (blocks).
The hierarchy of thematic sections e-cards:
1) Geography - general information about the nature of Black Sea region;
2) geology - tectonic, geological structure, geomorphologic zoning, evolution
shores;
3) Meteorology - typical climatic andweather conditions;
4) physical oceanography - salinity field,
density and temperature of water for each month and
season of the year to 20 standard depths;
5) chemical oceanography – distribution oxygen, nitrates, phosphates
11 standard levels, as well as the content of heavy metals, petroleum products and other pro-pollutants;
6) Biology - maps of wetlands Black Sea, reserves, habitats cal species of flora and fauna, as well as a series of maps,
showing biological productivity
The Black Sea, the distribution of phytoplankton,plankton;
7) fisheries - a series of maps of habitats commercial fish species, areas of spawning.
Within each of the seven sections contained a set of analytical and synthetic maps, organized in a hierarchical tree structurery. GIS Navigator allows you to navigate- forwards or backwards along each of the branches for view the contents of sections, subsections or
individual cards. The user has the possibility to choose any card in the section or subsection, relative
cover it to view and get information about presented her objects. For example, entering in the section "Meteorology", may first request "Temperature of the water," month "January" and "depth
Well 100 m "and this will open the card" The temperature January travel water at 100 m. "
When working with any card can perform its scaling, determine the coordinates of any
the point at which the cursor, move the isobar expression, displaying a legend, view text
description card, cause additional information, tied to a particular objecton the map. Changing window sizes, the operator can auto-call placed on the screen at the same time multiple cards or print them.