Research papers

Faculty of engineering and natural science

Geographic information systems in geosciences

Kaziyeva Alua EN2_D-03

Contents Page

Abstract……………………………………………………….2

Introduction……………………………………………….......2

Spheres and levels using GIS……………………………........2

Geographic information system resource type…………..........3

Maps in the networks of the Internet……………………….....5

Conclusion…………………………………………………....6

References…………………………………………………….7

Abstract

The geographical information system (GIS)  - an effective means of knowledge in the earth sciences. GIS different from other information systems so that all their data is tied to a territory to geographic space. GIS is used in solving all kinds of scientific and practical problems.  GIS helps you analyze and simulate any geographical situation, make predictions, and manage the processes occurring in the environment. GIS applied to the study of all the natural, social, natural and social objects and phenomena that are studying earth sciences, and related social and economic sciences, as well as cartography, remote sensing.

At the same time GIS  a set of hardware devices and software products (GIS shells), the most important element of this complex - automatic mapping systems.

Introduction

SUMMARY GIS is that it allows anyway to gather data and create the database to enter into the computer system, store, process, convert and output the user's request more often in chart form and in the form of tables, graphs, text.

Widespread use of GIS has led to a variety of interpretations of the concept itself. In the scientific literature portrayed in dozens of definitions of GIS, they noted that GIS - a hardware and software and at the same time a man-machine system that provides collection, processing, display and distribute spatially coordinated data, data integration and knowledge of the area for their effective use in solving scientific and applied problems associated with inventory, analysis, modeling, forecasting and management of the environment and territorial organization of society [4]. This somewhat ponderous definition accurately reflects many of the properties of GIS used in geography, geology, ecology and other fields of knowledge, but still is not exhaustive. Trying to cover everything in the definition of functional, technological and application properties of GIS inevitably turns incomplete. You can suggest some other interpretations that characterize different aspects of GIS [1].

Spheres and levels using gis

GIS is used to solve a variety of problems, the main of which can be grouped as follows [2]:

• search and rational use of natural resources;

• territorial and sectoral planning and management of the distribution of industry, transport, agriculture, energy, finance;

• ensuring comprehensive and industry inventory;

• monitoring of environmental emergencies and natural hazards, assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the environment and their consequences, ensuring environmental safety of the country and regions, environmental impact assessment;

• control of people's living conditions, health and recreation, social services, job security, etc .;

• maintenance of the legislative and executive authorities, political parties, movements, mass media;

• provision of law enforcement and security agencies;

• research and education;

• Mapping (comprehensive and sectoral): the creation of thematic maps and atlases, map update, operative mapping.

The variety of uses for GIS creates a multiplicity of forms and types, differing themes, spatial scope, purpose. Accepted distinguish the following levels of territorial GIS and the corresponding scale.