- •Introduction
- •The sentence
- •The Structural Types of Sentence Sentence
- •Part I The Simple Sentence
- •X. 3. Point out two-member sentences (say whether they are complete or elliptical) and one-member sentences.
- •The Subject
- •The predicate
- •Types of Predicate
- •Verbal Nominal Verbal Nominal
- •The compound predicate
- •The compound nominal predicate
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •The Object
- •The Attribute
- •Apposition
- •The Adverbial modifier
- •Detached (loose) parts of the sentence
- •The Independent elements of the sentence
- •Sentences with homogeneous parts
- •Inverted word order of words
- •Position of the object
- •Part III the composite sentence
- •The scheme of the above compound-complex sentence
- •The compound sentence күрделі сөйлем
- •The complex sentence құрмалас сөйлем
Position of the object
The usual position of the object in declarative sentences is after the predicate.
Position of the object |
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in exclamatory sentences the direct object may occupy the first place |
What wonderfully blue eyes you have, Ernest! |
in declarative sentences the front position of the object serves the purpose of emphasis. |
A fearful voyage I had with such a monster in the vessel. |
the direct object acquires some prominence when it is separated from the predicate by some secondary part of the sentence – generally an adverbial modifier or a prepositional indirect object. (This is called – back position of the object). This occurs when the object has an attribute. |
She produced from her pocket a most housewifely bunch of keys. I had at heart a strange and anxious thought. Cowperwood smiled as he saw in the morning papers the announcement of the passage of each ordinance granting him a franchise. |
in declarative sentences the prepositional indirect object is more common in the front position. Note: sometimes the front position of the prepositional indirect object causes inversion. |
Of his love he would tell her nothing. To Martin the future did not seem so dim. To this circumstance may be attributed the fact that none of the letters reached my hand. |
Ex. 3. Comment upon the position of the objects.
1. Titus fetches Judith her things from the rack. 2. What did you say to him? 3. I hope, contrary to your prediction, that we may meet again: though I shall certainly not offer you my company in the forceable future, nor of course will I expect any answer to this-communication. 4. Beppe told him of some sculpture arid then gave it to him. 5. He tore a leaf from his pocket-book,” wrote a few words and gave it to me. 6. She pitied the poor young gentleman for having no one to look after him. 7. The other candle I gave to Mr. Bruff... 8. She gave him her hand. 9. To them it was the most enduring material in the world. 10. Blanche, I can smell the sea air. The rest of my time I'm going to spend on the sea. 11. He bought with his wife's money, a fairly large house in the new redbrick part of Beldover. 12. A word about Palmer is necessary; and this I find difficult. 13. With the wet weather Lorenzo had forbidden Contessina to leave the palace. To Michelangelo she did not seem frail. 14. For me, the watches of that long night passed in ghastly wakefulness. 15. Curious joy she had of her lectures. 16. Helen she held a little longer than me. 17. With one hand Bodkin preferred the picture to the foreign market, with the other he formed a list of private British collectors. 18. To him perpetual thought of death was a sin. 19. Of Mrs. Bretton I had long lost sight. 20. To kicks and curses, to hurry and dislike, it closed a hard stone veil around its soft inner nature. 21- Why he had selected that as an excuse, he had no idea.
Position of the attribute |
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I. pre-position of the attribute |
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It is placed before the word it modifies. The order in which the attributes follow each other is generally free, i.e. it can be easily changed. Note: When two or more attributes denoting age, colour, material, and nationality refer to the same noun the order is as follows: various (5), age (4), colour (3), material (2), nationality (1) little is placed immediately before the noun in diminutive meaning |
What extraordinary ideas you have about the way to behave to a woman!
She had brought her a bright yellow (3) spotted silk (2) blouse and a purple (3) Angola (1)sweater. He was naked and painted blue and yellow in stripes – a jolly little chap.
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II. Post-position of the attribute |
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1. adj. in –able and –ible are generally placed after the noun, if it is preceded by the adj. only or an adj. in the superlative degree. Note: But there are a few adj. with the same suffixes that stand before the nouns they modify. |
The only person visible was a young little boy.
He is the only reasonable man here.
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2. In some stock phrases the adj. is placed after the noun. |
wealth untold –айтылмайтын байлық from times immemorial – ұмытылмас уақыттан бері a poet laureate – ақын лауреат generations unborn – келер ұрпақ court martial - әскери-жорық сот sum total – жалпы сома four years running – қатарыныан өткен төрт жыл the first person singular – бірінші жақтағы жекеше түр the second person plural - екінші жақтағы көпше түр |
3. The adj. proper (затында, тегінде) and present (қатысқан) are placed after the noun.
Note: These meanings of proper and present are not to be confused with the meanings of proper and present when used in pre-position. |
We shan’t find anything about sculpture in this book, it deals with architecture proper. Бұл кітапта біз мүсін өнері туралы ешнәрсе таба алмаймыз, ол тегінде сәулет өнеріне арналған. All the people present welcomed Paul Robenson enthusiastically. Қатысқандардын барлығы Пол Робсонды қуана қарсы алды.
This is not a proper answer to a question of this kind. Our present task is to preserve peace in the world. |
4. Attributes expressed by cardinal numerals denoting the place of the object in a series always follow the noun modified. No article is used in this case: page ten, tram number six, room two. |
Room two is on the ground floor. |
5. Adj. stand after indefinite and negative pronouns. |
There is nothing extraordinary in her dress. I’d like to read something very interesting. |
6. Attributes expressed by prepositional phrases follow the noun modified. |
As a gesture of proud defiance he had named his son Francis Nicholas. |
Ex. 4. Comment upon the position and the order of the attributes and say where it can be changed.
1. In the rich brown atmosphere peculiar to back rooms in the mansion of a Forsyte the Rembrandtesque effect... was spoiled by the moustache... 2. In front of her on a low mosaic table was the tray of drinks and three glasses. 3. We simply couldn't conduct our business, my dear young man, without scrupulous honesty in everybody. 4. When her cry was over Dulcie got up arid took off her best dress” and put on her old blue kimono. 5. On the third linger, set in a gold ring, was the great white sapphire. 6. Henry Ogden wore finger-rings and a big gold watch and careful neckties. 7. He looked in at a place on the way. "H'm! in perfect order of the eighties, with a sort of yellow oilskin paper on the walls." 8. Ting-a-lingo gave it a slight lick with his curly blackish tongue. 9. Now and then Liz hummed bars of foolish little songs. 10. Sensitive, imaginative, affectionate boys get a bad time at school... 11. А little unsteadily but with watchful and brilliant eyes Liz walked tip the avenue. 12. Her mother was speaking in her low, pleasing, slightly metallic voice — one word she caught: „Demain". 13. He put his packet of easy vegetables very deliberately on the new violet tablecloth, removed his hat carefully, and dabbled his brow, and wiped out his hat brim with an abundant crimson and yellow pocket handkerchief. 14. Then there was a moment of absolute silence. 15. Antonia stood on the thick black rug by the fire.
Ex. 5. Arrange the attributes in their proper order.
1. Alongside, in the... water, weeds, like yellow snakes were writhing and nosing with the __ current. (green, deep) 2. The marqueterie cabinet was lined, with __ plush, full of family relics. (red, dim) 3. In __ slippers and an __ coat Keith Darrant sits asleep. (red, Turkish; old, velvet, brown) 4. He, alone, perhaps, of painters would have done justice to Annette in her __ dress. (lacy, black) 5. Ting-a-ling did not stir. "You" take me for a __ dog, sir" his silence seemed to say. (English, common) 7. This letter, with a __ border and seal, was accordingly dispatched by Sir Pit Crawley to his brother the Colonel in Lnd. (huge, black) 7. Behrmah in his __ shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock. (blue, old) 8. The next day came the __ bull, drawing the cart to the office door. (red, little) 9. He was naked and painted blue and yellow in stripes a __ chap. (jolly, little) 10. "You and I," the little dog seemed saying with his __stare "object." (little; Chinese)
Position of the adverbial modifier |
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1. An adverbial modifier of time is generally placed either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Adverbs now and then can be placed in nearly any position. |
On Tuesday night the new laundrymen arrived. Probably we shall try tomorrow. Tess then remembered that there would have been time for this. |
2. An adverbial modifier of place is generally placed either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. It comes between the predicate and the prepositional object. They generally precede those of time and purpose. |
Down in the hill yard a Bessemer furnace was blowing flame into the sky. Geodin led the guests into the parlour.
I am going to the country tomorrow. Sybil had gone to town to buy a new carpet for the first floor landing. |
3. An adverbial modifier of frequency precedes the predicate verb in a simple tense form but the verb to be and all modal verbs. In compound tense form it follows the first auxiliary. But when it is emphasized it stands before the verb to be. Sometimes it occupies the first place. Sometimes and generally may be placed either before or after the verb. In interrogative sentences they come immediately after the subject. |
No one ever loved me. She was always on the point of telling him the truth. It will never be Frank!
He sometimes thought that he would never again betray her. I got so lonely here sometimes.
Did you ever have shoes like that? Does he often come to see you. |
4. An adverbial modifier of manner is place after the predicate if the verb is intransitive, and after the direct object if the verb is transitive. It stands between the predicate-verb and the prepositional indirect object though it is also found after the object. Adverbs stand immediately before the predicate. In compound tense forms they come after the last auxiliary. |
“You needn’t worry about me,” Louise said stoutly. Cokane shakes hands effusively with Sartorius. She leaned lightly against his shoulder.
I slowly descended. Mr. Earnest has been suddenly called back to town. |
5. An adverbial modifier of degree precedes the predicate; if the verb is in compound tense form it follows the first auxiliary. Adverb enough follows the adjective, but may follow or precede a noun. When enough modifies a noun it may either follow or precede it. |
I entirely agree with you. He has quite forgotten about the concert. He is clever enough but very lazy. I have time enough to do it. I have enough time to do it |
Ex. 6. Comment upon the position of the adverbials. Say whether they can be placed differently.
1. She turned away and pulled off her overcoat with a sudden gesture and went to the side table where the drinks and the glasses stood. 2. She flattered me and lavishly displayed for my pleasure all her charms and accomplishments. 3. I want to get away from home for a time for a certain reason. 4. How long do you remain in town? 5. Once inside the prison yard, Zanders turned to the left into a small office. 6. In the driving-seat, with his head fallen sideways so that he was almost toppling out on to the road, was Calvin Blick. 7. He looked at her more than once, not-stealthily, or humbly, but with a movement of hardy, open observation. 8. Aileen blazed at once to a furious heat. 9. She [Savina] had just arrived home. 10. Wearily he dropped off his horse, made his way to his workshop, saddlebag over his shoulder. 11. Stanley, not once did you pull any wool over this boy's eyes. 12. His face for the moment was flushed and swollen with anger. 13. Only sometimes in dreams did I experience certain horrors, glimpses of a punishment which would perhaps yet find its hour. 14. Every afternoon he discovered afresh that life was beastly. 15. Then the heart of Polly leapt, and the world blazed up to wonder and splendour. 16. And for all his attempts at self-reproach and self-discipline he felt at bottom guiltless. 17. Johnson was off duty that morning, and devoted the time very generously to the admonitory discussion of Mr. Polly's worldly outlook. 18. Never had she experienced such a profound satisfaction of anger and hatred. 19. To know a man we must know his guts and blood. Never have I seen the inside of a man.