In e.Coli structural gene of lac operon is stimulated in:

A. Presence of lactose only

B. Presence of glucose and absence of lactose

C. Presence of glucose only

*D. Presence of lactose and absence of glucose

E. Presence of galactose only

Metabolic product of epinephrine inactivation excreted in urine is:

A. Dopamine

B. Nor metanephrine

C. Estrone

*D. Metanephrine

E. Androstenedione

All are secondary messenger except:

A. Diacylglycerol

*B. mRNA

C. Calcium

D. cAMP

E. Phosphatidyl inositol triphosphate

Adenylate cyclase enzyme is inhibited by:

A. Calcitonin

B. Epinephrine

C. Nor-epinephrine

*D. Somatostatin

E. Thyroxine

Point out the chemical nature of hormone receptors:

A. Lipids

B. Nucleic acids

*C. Proteins

D. Vitamins

E. Carbohydrates

Nor-epinephrine is converted to epinephrine by:

*A. N-methylation

B. S-methylation

C. DOPA-decarboxylase

D. O-methylation

E. Dopamine hydroxylase

Insulin mediated glucose uptake in myocyte is through:

A. GLUT 3

*B. GLUT 4

C. GLUT 2

D. GLUT 5

E. GLUT 1

A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?

A. Somatotropic

B. Hypercorticoid

C. Alimentary

D. Hypoinsulinemic

*E. Adrenal

For which hormone is cGMP secondary messenger?

A. Thyroxine

*B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

C. Growth hormone

D. Epinephrine

E. Cortisone

Which of the following acts via cAMP

A. All positions are correct

B. Testosterone

*C. LH

D. Estrogen

E. Thyroxine

Tissue inositol triphosphate is generated as a result of the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate hydrolysis and act as secondary agent (mediator) in the mechanism of hormone action. It`s effect in cells is directed at:

A. Protein kinase A activation

B. Adenylate cyclase activation

C. Protein kinase A inhibition

D. Phosphodiesterase inhibition

*E. Calcium ion liberation from cellular deport

Which of the following acts through tyrosine kinase receptor?:

A. Follicle stimulating hormone

*B. Insulin

C. Epinephrine

D. Growth gormone

E. Glucagon

Find out the feature of releasing factors (RF) structure:

A. RF are glycoproteins

B. RF are simple proteins with quaternary structure

*C. RF are short peptides

D. RF are amino acid derivatives

E. Both of RF contain sialic acid

Which of the following acts on nuclear receptor:

A. Glucagon

*B. Estrogen

C. Growth hormone

D. Epinephrine

E. TSH

Thyroxine and catecholamine are derived from:

A. Tryptophan

*B. Tyrosine

C. Alanine

D. Leucine

E. Isoleucine

The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:

A. Ca2+

B. Diacylglycerol

C. Inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate

D. cAMP

*E. Glycerol

Try to name a small Ca²⁺binding protein that modifies the activity of many enzymes and other proteins in response to changes of Ca²⁺ concentration.

A. Collagen

*B. Calmodulin

C. Cycline

D. Kinesin

E. Elastin

Name a membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP:

A. Lactate dehydrogenase

B. RNA polymerase

*C. Adenylate cyclase

D. ATP synthase

E. Tyrosine kinase

Which of the following belongs to steroid superfamily

A. ACTH

B. Epinephrine

C. Growth hormone

*D. Calcitriol

E. Insulin

Which of the following hormone mechanism of action is associated with cyclic AMP formation in a target cell?

A. Atrial natriuretic peptide

*B. Vasopressin

C. Aldosterone

D. Angiotensinogen I

E. Renin

The following hormone does not have any intracellular receptor:

A. Aldosterone

*B. Adrenaline

C. Calcitriol

D. Thyroxine

E. Cortisol

Adenylate Cyclase is activated of :

*A. GTP-dependant regulatory protein

B. Nuclear receptor

C. Membrane receptor

D. Phosphodiesterase

E. cAMP

Which of the following substances acts to increase the release of Ca²⁺from endoplasmic reticulum in muscular cell?

A. Parathyroid hormone

B. 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol

C. Diacylglycerol

D. Monoacylglycerol

*E. Inositol triphosphate

Find out the type of activity that is considered for insulin-receptor complex function in the intracellular space of target cell:

*A. Tyrosine kinase activity

B. Similar to Phospholipase C activity

C. cAMP-dependent proteinkinase activity

D. Tyrosine aminotransferase activity

E. cAMP-dependent polymerase activity

Which of the following is present intracellulary in muscular cells:

A. Insulin

B. Nor-epinephrine

*C. Corticosteroid

D. Epinephrine

E. Glucagon

Testosterone and its analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?

A. Membrane receptors

*B. Nuclear receptors

C. Proteins-activators of transcription

D. Ribosomes

E. Chromatin

Point out the most important function of androgens in muscles:

A. To inhibit lipogenesis

*B. To stimulate protein synthesis

C. To stimulate lipolysis

D. To stimulate protein degradation

E. To stimulate muscular contraction

The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely in patient?

A. Glycogen storage disease type I

B. Myxedema

*C. Steroidal subtype of diabetes mellitus

D. Insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus

E. Addison`s disease

A 19-year old male was found to have an elevated level of potassium in the secondary urine. These changes might have been caused by the increase in the following hormone level:

*A. Aldosterone

B. Adrenalin

C. Oxytocin

D. Testosterone

E. Glucagon

To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?

A. Thyroid

B. Mineralocorticoids

C. Sexual hormones

D. Catecholamines

*E. Glucocorticoids

A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum?

A. ACTH

B. Insulin

C. Cortisol

D. Mineralocorticoids

*E. Thyroxine

A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?

A. Hypofunction of parathyroid glands

B. Inreased excretion of calcium

C. Lack of calcium in food

D. Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands

*E. Impaired synthesis of calcitriol

Steroid-receptor complex binds to a specific region on DNA through:

A. Leucine zipper motif

*B. Zinc finger motif

C. Histidine

D. Helix turn helix

E. Histone

A 2 y.o child has convulsions as a result of reduced concentration of calcium ions in the blood plasma. It is caused by the reduced function of:

A. Adrenal cortex

B. Thymus

C. Hypophysis

*D. Parathyroid glands

E. Pineal gland

The biochemical research of the patient's blood confirmed the hypoglycemia, abnormally high potassium concentration and low sodium concentration. Point out the hormones whose secretion is violated:

A. Calcitonin

B. All the hormones from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

C. Thyroid hormones T3, T4

*D. Glucocorticoids, aldosterone

E. Insulin

Biochemical abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism is the change in the blood plasma:

A. Decrease calcium, decrease phosphate -

B. Increase calcium, increase phosphate

C. None of the proposed

D. Decrease calcium, increase phosphate

*E. Increase calcium, decrease phosphate

A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this patient?

A. Increased production of thyroxin

B. Increased production of calcitonin

*C. Reduced production of thyroxin

D. Reduced production of parathormone

E. Increased production of thyroliberin

Name the precursor for calcitriol formation:

A. Linolenic acid

B. Citric acid

*C. Cholesterol

D. Stearic acid

E. Arachidonic acid