Option 3

I. Answer (in short) the following questions:

1. What is emergence of parcellation caused by?

Parcellation –is a deliberate break of the sentence structure into two or more isolated parts, separated by a pause. Parcellation is typical of the colloquial type of speech.

2. What is the stylistic value of parcellation?

The stylistic functions of parcellation are: It is used for specification of the idea of the basic part. E.g. They would appear with soup. Thin and watery. (P. White. Riders). It is to characterize the emotional state of mind of the personages. E.g. Then the pain began. Slow. Deliberate. Methodical. And professional. (H. Robbins. The Betsy). . Parcellation may fulfil the descriptive function, depicting the conditions and the details of the events described. E. g. My hubby has hung himself. In the bathroom. With the cord. (P. White. Riders).

3. What is the main difference between parallelism and antithesis?

An antithesis is used when the writer employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another. Whether they are words or phrases of the same sentence, an antithesis is used to create a stark contrast using two divergent elements that come together to create one uniform whole. An antithesis plays on the complementary property of opposites to create one vivid picture. The purpose of using an antithesis in literature is to create a balance between opposite qualities and lend a greater insight into the subject. Example: When Neil Armstrong walked on the moon it might have been one small step for a man but it was one giant leap for mankind.

4. In what syntactic structures is antithesis realized?

The syntactic structures in which antithesis is realized are diverse, from a simple extended sentence to a complex syntactic unity, the paragraph. Most frequently it is met in asyndetic complex sentences and in compound sentences with the conjunction but Antithesis is built up on parallel constructions whose components are expressed by the same members of the sentence and which are arranged in the same order, e.g. Jack (pulling off his gloves): When one is in town, one amuses oneself. When one is in the country, one amuses other people. (O.W.)

Antithesis rests on the borderline between stylistics and logic. The extreme cases are easily recognizable, but most of the cases are intermediate. However, we should distinguish between antithesis and contrast. The latter is a literary device based on logical opposition between the phenomena set one against another.

4. In what functional styles is antithesis most widely used?

Antithesis is widely used in all types of speech: in the belles-lettres style, publicistic, scientific and everyday colloquial. Its stylistic functions include both the contrastive comparison of things and the rhythmical arrangement of the utterance. Owing to the rhythmical organization antithesis is often met in poetry in combination with anaphora, epiphora, alliteration, etc. Whole poems may be built up on this device, as "A Madrigal" by Shakespeare or "To a False Friend" by Thomas Hood.