- •1. To remove hard dental deposits manually.
- •2. To remove hard dental deposits using scaling method.
- •3. To remove hard dental deposits using chemical solutions.
- •4. To remove hard dental deposits using combined method.
- •5. To do remineralization therapy for dental hard tissues
- •6. Fissure pressurizing
- •Invasive method of fissure pressurizing
- •7. To prepare I class cavity by Black.
- •8. To prepare II class cavity by Black.
- •9. To prepare III class cavity by Black.
- •14. To put insulating lining
- •15. To fill carious cavity by chemical- cured composite material.
- •16. To fill carious cavity by light-cured composite material.
- •17. To make a topical anesthesia
- •18. To put devitalizing paste during the treatment of pulpitis.
- •19. To disclose a tooth cavity.
- •20. To do pulp amputation.
- •21. To do pulp extirpation.
- •22. To do the medicament treatment of root canal.
- •23. To do an instrumental treatment of root canal.
- •24. To select instruments for instrumental treatment of root canals.
- •25. Root canal sealing by hardening pastes.
- •26. Root canal sealing by cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha.
- •27. To seal root canal using method of vertical condensation of gutta-percha.
- •28. Root canal sealing using single-cone method.
1. To remove hard dental deposits manually.
Dental deposits are classified as follows: soft and hard. Soft dental deposits are sticky, yellowish formation that is localized on all tooth surfaces, it’s appears in result of bad oral hygiene. A hard dental deposit it is - dental calculus, it is classified as follows: supra/subgingival calculus. Dental calculus usually localizes on lingual surfaces of mandible anterior teeth and buccal surfaces of maxilla molars; such localization is due to salivary glands orifices of submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands respectively.
To remove dental deposits manually a variety of curettes are used. Curettes are used to scale and remove deposits from specific sub gingival surfaces, as well as, to remove large amounts of deposits from supra-gingival surfaces.
2. To remove hard dental deposits using scaling method.
To fit scaler, check it working mode.
To regulate water on scaler. Amount of water from scaler tip should be like foam or spray.
To set maximum capacity of device to heard a specific, typical sound.
Tip of scaler should be placed to lingual or palatal side depending of jaw, to the cervical part of tooth crown. It should be stopped there (without scraping movements) in working mode until total destruction of calculus. Tip of scaler should move very gently, overlapping cervical parts of tooth, not pressing on tooth or scraping it.
Control is done by checking tooth surface using mirror and probe. Surface of tooth should be smooth and free from any pigmentation or calculus.
3. To remove hard dental deposits using chemical solutions.
For removal of dental calculus, methods involving mechanical removal of calculus by using a scaler or conventionally (with curettes) removal are applied. However, the methods have problems in that the treatment takes a long period of time due to hardness of dental calculus. As a means for chemically dissolving and removing of dental calculus a water solution of citric acid or Chlorhexidine are used.
4. To remove hard dental deposits using combined method.
Combined method of dental calculus removal includes all available methods that are explained before; namely it is: conventional (manual removal), using scaler, using dissolving agents.
5. To do remineralization therapy for dental hard tissues
Remineralisation therapy is used in the case of initial dental caries (white spot lesion) treatment. Essence of the method: fluoride remineralise porous enamel → disease acquire reversible course.
Method: to clean the tooth with polishing brush and prophylaxis paste; wash with water from air-and-water syringe; dry the tooth surface with air; apply fluoride-containing solution to the tooth surface; patient is given a recommendation not to eat for one hour, not to brush teeth this day. Second appointment in 2-3 days; procedure is repeated 3 times.
6. Fissure pressurizing
It has generally been considered that pit and fissure surfaces of molar teeth usually become carious within 3 years of eruption because enamel is not mineralized yet in fissures (for kids of 6 -8 years old, whose fissures in molars are not enough mineralized). Sealants protect the occlusal surfaces of molar teeth, providing a smooth surface as the morphology of this surface makes it more susceptible to dental caries and favouring plaque stagnation.
Types of materials:
►Acid-etch resin composite sealants (the same stages of applying as light-curing composites – etching, washing, drying stage and sealant placement with subsequent light-curing)
►Glass ionomer cements ( is used when it is difficult to achieve adequate moisture control, as this material is less sensitive to the presence of moisture; is easy to use on children, bonds well to enamel and releases fluoride, providing a potentially cariostatic effect)
Methods:
Non-invasive (for not affected fissures in molars and premolars in teeth that are 2-3 years after eruption; age of children 6-8);
Non-invasive method of fissure pressurizing envisages applying of sealants to the fissures of tooth, that is only cleaned with brush and prophylaxis paste (without fissure preparation by burs) after tooth cleaning follows stage of sealant placement. (see stages of pressurizing)
Invasive (for deep, pigmented fissures, but not affected by caries process)