- •Пояснительная записка
- •Table of contents
- •International communication
- •International communication
- •Independent b1
- •Independent b2
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs
- •2. Identifying where to find information
- •Incorrect article choice
- •Incorrect omission or inclusion of articles
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs
- •2. Identifying where to find information
- •3. Reciting and reviewing the text.
- •(Abridged from the Toolkit for transnational communication in Europe. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism. University of Copenhagen, 2011)
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs
- •2. Identifying where to find information
- •3. Reciting and reviewing the text.
- •4. Identifying patterns of text organization.
- •Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition in the following paragraphs:
- •Verb errors involving tense
- •Text 1-4. Receptive multilingualism (Abridged from the Toolkit for transnational communication in Europe. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism. University of Copenhagen, 2011)
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs.
- •2. Identifying where to find information.
- •3. Identifying the key words of the text.
- •4. Identifying patterns of text organization.
- •Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition in the following paragraphs:
- •5. Reviewing and reciting the text.
- •Identify and correct errors involving verbs and verbals
- •(After j. Normann Jørgensen’s and Kasper Juffermans’ sections in the Toolkit for Transnational Communication in Europe. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism. University of Copenhagen, 2011)
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs.
- •2. Identifying where to find information.
- •3. Identifying the key words of the text.
- •4. Identifying patterns of text organization.
- •Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition in the following paragraphs:
- •5. Reviewing and reciting the text.
- •6. What circumstantial evidence can be inferred from the following paragraph:
- •7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
- •9. What is the author's attitude toward superdiversity and languaging? Answer choices:
- •Incorrect verb forms
- •(After Robert Phillipson’s Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? In World Englishes, 27/2, 250-284, 2008)
- •1. Matching headings with paragraphs.
- •2. Identifying where to find indirect information.
- •3. Identifying the key words of the text.
- •4. Identifying patterns of text organization.
- •Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition in the following paragraphs:
- •5. Reviewing and reciting the text.
- •6. What circumstantial evidence can be inferred from the following paragraph:
- •8. What is the author's attitude toward the English language in science and education expressed in the following paragraph?
- •9. Make valid inferences based on the questions:
- •Identify and correct errors involving verbs and verbals
- •Incorrect inclusion or omission of prepositions
- •Identify and correct errors involving prepositions
- •1. A definition of communication
- •2. Major structural components
- •3. What is culture?
- •4. Explaining Culture
- •1. New approach to intercultural understanding.
- •2. Culture as Ways of Thinking, Beliefs and Values
- •3. Culture as Language: The Close Link Between Language and Culture
- •Identify and correct errors involving the wrong word choice
- •Identify and correct errors involving sentence structure
- •Incomplete adjective clauses
- •Identify and correct errors involving types of clauses
- •Identify and correct errors involving adverb clauses
- •In Europe
- •In Sweden
- •Incomplete noun clauses
- •Identify and correct errors involving noun clauses:
- •Incomplete participial phrases
- •Incomplete appositives
- •Incomplete/missing prepositional phrase
- •Identify and correct errors involving incomplete phrases
- •Introduction
- •Informative Abstracts:
- •Tips and Warnings
- •Identify and correct errors involving word order
- •Items involving parallel structures
- •Introduction
- •Implications
- •Identify and correct errors involving subject-verb agreement
- •Text 1-23. Interpreting successful lingua franca interaction (Based on Christiane Meierkord’s analysis of non-native/non-native small talk conversations in English)
- •The data
- •Identify and correct errors involving misplaced modifiers
- •Text 1-24. Bringing europe's lingua franca into the classroom (After an editorial published on guardian.Co.Uk on Thursday 19 April 2001)
- •Issues:
- •Issues:
- •Issues:
- •Issues:
- •Issues:
- •Issues:
- •1. European migrant workers
- •2. Returnees
- •3. Tourism
- •4. The redistribution of poverty
- •5. Expat workers
- •6. Internal migration
- •7. A reserve army of labour offshore
- •1. Communications technology
- •2. Text messaging
- •3. Surveillance society
- •4. Why English is used less . . .
- •5. Independent journalists and bloggers
- •Text 2-4. Polylingualism, multilingualism, plurilingualism
- •1. Borders - Borderlands – Boundaries (after Virginie Mamadouh)
- •3. Tool(s) – Toolkit (after Virginie Mamadouh)
- •1. Could you tell us your background and why you decided to become an educator? (from Ana Wu, City College of San Francisco, esl Instructor)
- •2. From poststructural and postcolonial perspectives, linguistic imperialism could be critiqued by its deterministic and binary divisions; those who colonize and those who are colonized.
- •6. Dr. Phillipson: In the March, 2009 interview Marinus Stephan on this blog, Dr. Stephan
- •8. You have written and discussed very controversial issues. How do you deal with criticism? How do you react to people who disagree with your ideas?
- •1. Interactive communication
- •2. Time and Space
- •3. Fate and Personal Responsibility
- •4. Face and Face-Saving
- •5. Nonverbal Communication
- •6. Summary
- •1. Social interaction.
- •2. Looking Back
- •3. Food for Thought
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Three Decades Have Passed
- •3. Cultural Predestination!
- •4. Individual Values
- •5. Culture Is a Set of Dynamic Processes of Generation and Transformation
- •1. Strong and weak uncertainty-avoidance cultures
- •2. Individualism versus Collectivism, the Case of Japan
- •3. Identity
- •1. Two specific uses of the concept of cultural identity
- •2. The interplay of culture and personality
- •3. The interaction of culture and biology
- •4. Psychosocial patterns of culture
- •5. Motivational needs
- •6. The flexibility of the multicultural personality
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Background: English as the language of publication and instruction
- •3. Methods
- •4. Results
- •4.1 Form of words (Morphology)
- •4.2 Grammar (Syntax)
- •4.3 Attitudes towards English as a Lingua Franca
- •5. Conclusion
- •Text 2-14. A new concept of english?
- •Cambridge English Examinations: Speaking Test
- •1. Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (bics)
- •Implications for mainstream teachers
- •2. Common underlying proficiency (cup)
- •Implications for mainstream teachers
- •Implications for mainstream teachers
- •4. Additive/subtractive bilingualism
- •Implications for mainstream teachers
- •Introduction
- •Impetus for the study
- •1. Cultural
- •2. Organizational
- •Parts of an Abstract
- •Introduction
- •Interaction between teacher and students
- •Read the introduction section of the article.
- •Read the methods section of the article.
- •Read the discussion section of the article.
- •(Based on Christiane Meierkord’s analysis of non-native-/non-native small talk conversations in English. Continued from Text 1-23)
- •Interpreting lingua franca conversational data
Parts of an Abstract
Despite the fact that an abstract is quite brief, it must do almost as much work as the multi-page paper which it covers. In a computer architecture paper, this means that it should in most cases include the following sections. Each section is typically a single sentence, although there is room for creativity. In particular, the parts may be merged or spread among a set of sentences. Use the following as a checklist for your next abstract:
Motivation:
Why do we care about the problem and the results? If the problem isn't obviously "interesting" it might be better to put motivation first; but if an article describes intermediate progress on a problem that is widely recognized as important, then it is probably better to put the problem statement first to indicate which piece of the larger problem the author is breaking off to work on. This section should include the importance of the author’s work, the difficulty of the area, and the impact it might have if successful.
Problem statement:
What problem is the author trying to solve? What is the scope of her/his work (a generalized approach, or for a specific situation)? Be careful not to use too many special terms. In some cases it is appropriate to put the problem statement before the motivation, but usually this only works if most readers already understand why the problem is important.
Approach:
How does the author go about solving or making progress on the problem? Does s/he use simulation, analytic models, prototype construction, or analysis of field data for an actual product? What is the extent of her/his work? What important facts does s/he control, ignore, or measure?
Results:
Specifically, most papers conclude that something is so many percent faster, cheaper, smaller, or otherwise better than something else. If possible, put the result there, in numbers. Avoid vague, hand-waving results such as "very", "small", or "significant."
Conclusions:
What are the implications of the author’s research? Is it going to change the world (unlikely), be a significant "win", be a nice hack, or simply serve as a road sign indicating that this path is a waste of time (all of the previous results are useful). Are the author’s results general, potentially generalizable, or specific to a particular case?
Unit 2-21. NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW CULTURE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ESP
Guidelines for extensive reading of ESP texts on the use of English for European business
The new technologies and the new culture of teaching and learning English as a lingua franca (ELF) has become an increasingly popular discourse in applied linguistics and current ELT. It has been suggested that, while native speakers and their Englishes have become relatively unimportant in international communication and research interests now fall on non-native speakers and their use of English, utilizing computer technology and its attached language learning programs can be convenient to create both independent and collaborative learning environments.
In the article below, the conceptual and operational framework of new communicative modes is examined underpinning the case for a description of English as a lingua franca. Issues and problems are addressed that need to be taken into account if such teaching and learning technologies are to be implemented in second language pedagogy. (ICT – Information and Communications Technologies)
The study by Iranian researchers Ghasem Modarresi et al. intends to see if, everything else being equal, participants' use of internet and computer technologies really affects their language achievement. It is hypothesized that the combination of computer technology and Internet creates a channel for students to obtain a huge amount of human experience, which affects their language achievement in meaningful ways. The authors argue that introduction of the new media into educational institutions calls for a change in learning and teaching patterns.
Text 2-21. NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ESP
(Abridged from Ghasem Modarresi et al. New Ways of Teaching English as an international Lingua Franca)