- •Seminar 1 The Phrase. Noun phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •2. Identify the types of phrases with regard to their grammatical organization:
- •3. Make a list of the noun-phrases used in the following passage and describe their structure:
- •4. Point out the phrases of “a jewel of a wife” type. How does the meaning of the components contribute to the overall semantics? Suggest ways of translation.
- •6. Comment on the use of “sort (kind) of Adj (V)” in the following:
- •7. Point out the head and the modifier in each of the following phrases; pick out the reversible ones.
- •8. Give noun-phrases related through nominalizing transformation to the following sentences:
- •9. Analyse the following patterns in which the nouns weaken their meaning of substance and approach adjectives. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •10. Define by means of transformational analysis the semantic relations between the components of the following noun-adjunct groups. Translate the sentences.
- •11. Comment on the relations between the components of the following noun adjunct groups. Translate them.
- •16. Translate the following:
- •17. Comment on the arrangement of the constituents in the following structures and define their meaning:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 2 The Phrase. Subordinate Verb-phrases. Predicative Phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyse the verb phrases and the character of inner syntactic relations:
- •2. Give comments on the use of the verb-phrases with the cognate object:
- •3. Give comments on the adverbial use of nouns in the following patterns (point out the adverbial relations of comparison, time and different degree of quality):
- •4. Give comments on the structure of adjectival phrases in the following sentences:
- •5. Pick out nexus phrases in the following sentences and define their types.
- •6. Identify the syntactic relations:
- •7. Analyse the structures of predication in the following sentences. Pick out homonymic patterns. Translate the sentences.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 3 The Simple Sentence. Structural and Communicative Approaches
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3. Pick out two-member elliptical sentences out of the underlined. Analyse their grammatical structure:
- •4. Analyse the following sentences. Pick out one-member nominal sentences and identify their modal meaning:
- •5. Comment on the grammatical organization and modal meanings of the infinitival sentences given below:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 4 The Simple Sentence: Constituent Structure
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •8. Differentiate between the compound verbal and compound nominal predicates. Single out instances of mixed types.
- •9. Comment on the types of attributes and ways of their expression.
- •10. Determine the types of objects and ways of their expression.
- •11. Identify semantic classes of the adverbial modifiers.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 5 The Composite Sentence
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyze the type of connectors (if any) and the character of coordination between the clauses of the compound sentences.
- •2. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •3. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •4. Point out the type of subordination (parallel homogeneous/heterogeneous or consecutive) and the depth of subordination perspective.
- •5. Analyze the following multi-clause sentences. Schematize the connection of clauses.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •5. Form sentences with greater predicative load taking as the basis the following kernel sentences:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 7 Semantic and Functional Sentence Perspective
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3 Identify the semantic role of the subject in the following sentences:
- •4. Comment on the actual division of the sentences and the means of its expression.
- •5. Comment on the means of expressing the rheme in these sentences:
- •6. Determine the pragmatic types of the sentences:
- •Literature:
5. Comment on the grammatical organization and modal meanings of the infinitival sentences given below:
1) You to marry without beauty! You to marry without dignity! You to marry without connection! (Ch. Dickens).
2) To think that all that should come to this. (Th. Dreiser).
3) No! To have his friendship, his admiration but not at that price. (J. Galsworthy).
4) She to fall on her knees on the stones. (O. Jespersen).
5) That kind and harmless old man – to be so insulted! (J. Galsworthy).
6) Lives drifted down! Death! To decide about death! And no one to give him a hand. (J. Galsworthy).
Literature:
1. Алєксєєва І. О. Курс теоретичної граматики сучасної англійської мови: навчальний посібник. – Вінниця: Нова Книга. 2007. – С. 234-247.
2. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В.. Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высш. шк., 1981. – С. 164-183.
3. Blokh M.I. A Course of Theoretical English Grammar. – M.: Vyssaja Skola, 1983. – P. 229-236, 243-261.
4. Khaimovich B.S., Rogovskaya B.I. A Course in English Grammar. – M.: Vyssaja Skola, 1967. – P. 220-233.
5. Rayevska N.M. Modern English Grammar. – Kyiv: Vysca Skola Publishers, 1976. – P. 208-217.
Seminar 4 The Simple Sentence: Constituent Structure
1. Theoretical Comment.
Nominative division of the sentence. Syntactic bond and its types. The traditional classification of notional parts (members of the sentence): principal, secondary, detached. Definitions and classifications of sentence parts. Points of difference between English and Russian subjects, predicates, predicatives and objects. Parsing of the sentence into its “immediate constituents”.
2. Practice.
1. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the terms and elucidate their usage.
predicative (non-predicative) bond |
apposition / address / parenthesis / interjection |
attributive / completive / copulative relations |
structural / notional subject |
principal / secondary / detached sentence parts |
simple / compound verbal / nominal predicate |
subject / predicate (predicator / predicative) |
object proper, addressee / subject object |
object / attribute / adverbial modifier |
model of immediate constituents |
2. The divisions into parts of speech and parts of the sentence are organically related. Provide some linguistic evidence to support the statement.
THE SUBJECT
3. Pick out structural subjects out of those underlined and comment on their type.
1) It was warm midsummer. 2) It is difficult to understand this. 3) It reminded him of his horrible past. 4) When it was over, the audience left. 5) There is not a single cloud in the sky.
1) There was still no trace of the heat wave that would be hitting us in a few weeks; it was simply a beautiful summer’s eve, fragrant and soft (M. Gray).
4. Which of the subjects are indefinite?
1) They finished the meal in silence. 2) They say she is the most brilliant student in the group. 3) Here one can wander unseen. 4) One can endure all these misfortunes. 5) “It was the devil, Holmes!” he cried. 6) It certainly was a dreadfully gloomy before. 7) You were rude with him yesterday. 8) You never know what to expect from her.
5. Differentiate between the formal impersonal and formal introductory subject “it”.
1) It was time to take their departure. 2) It seemed he didn’t know the place. 3) It was too late to start. 4) It’s freezing. 5) It’s winter. 6) It turned out that he was a liar. 7) it’s impossible to trust him. 8) It thrilled her to be invited there. 9) It would be nice for you to stay with us. 10) It didn’t occur to her that the idea was his.
THE PREDICATE
6. There is a marked tendency in English to separate the structural and notional meanings. How does it manifest itself in the structure of the English predicate?
7. Pick out compound predicates in the sentences below.
1) He had been reading to Pegotty about crocodiles. 2) He went on talking. 3) He turned his face towards the fire. 4) Slowly he was turning red. 5) soon the path grew steep. 6) I have only just finished reading. 7) The book has just been given to her. 8) Jane gave an uncertain laugh. 9) The boy was being laughed at. 10) Under the hot sunshine the grass was growing very quickly. 11) Not a single word did Pegotty speak.