- •Seminar 1 The Phrase. Noun phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •2. Identify the types of phrases with regard to their grammatical organization:
- •3. Make a list of the noun-phrases used in the following passage and describe their structure:
- •4. Point out the phrases of “a jewel of a wife” type. How does the meaning of the components contribute to the overall semantics? Suggest ways of translation.
- •6. Comment on the use of “sort (kind) of Adj (V)” in the following:
- •7. Point out the head and the modifier in each of the following phrases; pick out the reversible ones.
- •8. Give noun-phrases related through nominalizing transformation to the following sentences:
- •9. Analyse the following patterns in which the nouns weaken their meaning of substance and approach adjectives. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •10. Define by means of transformational analysis the semantic relations between the components of the following noun-adjunct groups. Translate the sentences.
- •11. Comment on the relations between the components of the following noun adjunct groups. Translate them.
- •16. Translate the following:
- •17. Comment on the arrangement of the constituents in the following structures and define their meaning:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 2 The Phrase. Subordinate Verb-phrases. Predicative Phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyse the verb phrases and the character of inner syntactic relations:
- •2. Give comments on the use of the verb-phrases with the cognate object:
- •3. Give comments on the adverbial use of nouns in the following patterns (point out the adverbial relations of comparison, time and different degree of quality):
- •4. Give comments on the structure of adjectival phrases in the following sentences:
- •5. Pick out nexus phrases in the following sentences and define their types.
- •6. Identify the syntactic relations:
- •7. Analyse the structures of predication in the following sentences. Pick out homonymic patterns. Translate the sentences.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 3 The Simple Sentence. Structural and Communicative Approaches
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3. Pick out two-member elliptical sentences out of the underlined. Analyse their grammatical structure:
- •4. Analyse the following sentences. Pick out one-member nominal sentences and identify their modal meaning:
- •5. Comment on the grammatical organization and modal meanings of the infinitival sentences given below:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 4 The Simple Sentence: Constituent Structure
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •8. Differentiate between the compound verbal and compound nominal predicates. Single out instances of mixed types.
- •9. Comment on the types of attributes and ways of their expression.
- •10. Determine the types of objects and ways of their expression.
- •11. Identify semantic classes of the adverbial modifiers.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 5 The Composite Sentence
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyze the type of connectors (if any) and the character of coordination between the clauses of the compound sentences.
- •2. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •3. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •4. Point out the type of subordination (parallel homogeneous/heterogeneous or consecutive) and the depth of subordination perspective.
- •5. Analyze the following multi-clause sentences. Schematize the connection of clauses.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •5. Form sentences with greater predicative load taking as the basis the following kernel sentences:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 7 Semantic and Functional Sentence Perspective
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3 Identify the semantic role of the subject in the following sentences:
- •4. Comment on the actual division of the sentences and the means of its expression.
- •5. Comment on the means of expressing the rheme in these sentences:
- •6. Determine the pragmatic types of the sentences:
- •Literature:
5. Form sentences with greater predicative load taking as the basis the following kernel sentences:
EXAMPLE: He was upset.
a) Was he upset? (1)
b) Wasn’t he upset? (2)
c) Can he be upset? (2)
d) Cannot he be upset? (3)
e) He didn’t seem to be upset. (2)
f) He can’t have been upset. (3)
g) Couldn’t he have been upset? (4)
1) This man was a gambler. (Chesterton) 2) They met at the club. (Doyle) 3) “You’re driving too fast”. (Thurber) 4) “I said nonsense” (Chesterton) 5) He found and excuse for going off (Saroyan).
Literature:
1. Блох М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 337-358.
2. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высш. шк., 1981. – С. 207-230.
Seminar 7 Semantic and Functional Sentence Perspective
1. Theoretical Comment.
The notions of surface and deep (conceptual) structures of the sentence; the classification of “semantic cases”, or “semantic roles” (“case grammar” theory of Ch. Fillmore).
The notion of actual division of the sentence (informative perspective of the sentence). The components of actual division: the theme, the rheme, and the transition. Lingual means of expressing actual division of the sentence: word order patterns, constructions with introducers, syntactic patterns of contrastive complexes, constructions with articles and other determiners, constructions with intensifying particles, intonation contours. The connection of the actual division of the sentence with the logical analysis of the proposition (logical subject and logical predicate); their correlation with the subject and the predicate in the syntactic structure of a sentence. Direct (unspeclalized, unmarked) and inverted (reverse, specialized, marked) actual division. Actual division of the sentence and context. Actual division of sentences of different communicative types.
The pragmatic aspect of the communicative types of the sentence; classification of speech acts by J. Austin and J. R. Searle.
2. Practice.
1. Explain the usage of the terms and suggest equivalents.
deep (semantic, conceptual) structure |
surface (syntactic) structure |
“semantic cases” (“semantic roles”, “case roles”) |
actual division of the sentence |
thematic-rhematic organization of the sentence |
communicative intention |
theory of speech acts |
pragmatic utterance types (performatives, constatives, promissives, etc.) |
2. Match the names of some of the semantic roles with their definitions from The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics:
|
a) a person, etc. affected by the action or state denoted by the verb b) a person, etc. who benefits from the action denoted by the verb c) the end (destination) of a movement d) the doer of the action e) the active doer of the action f) the thing made or created d) the place from which something originates e) the route f) the thing used for some purpose g) some point or location in space h) a person, etc. undergoing some process or targeted by some action |