I. Answer the following questions:

Church and state

1. What is the year 1066 famous for?

2. Speak about the quarrel between William Rufus and Anselm.

3. Who was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury?

4. What were the relations between Thomas Becket and Henry II?

5. How did Thomas Becket become a saint of the Church?

The beginnings of Parliament

1. When did Henry III start ruling the country himself?

2. What kind of a ruler was he?

3. Why did Henry’s behaviour upset the nobles?

4. When was the parliament established?

5. What were the functions of this Parliament?

6. Who was the first to bring a real parliament?

7. What did the parliament consist of?

8. What is ‘representative institution’?

9. Speak on the ‘grants and the ‘commoners’.

Dealing with the Celts

1. What did William I allow his lords to do with Wales?

2. When did he unite Wales with England?

3. What did the English consider of Wales becoming part of England?

4. Who conquered Ireland and when?

5. Why did the Norman nobles and Irish chiefs avoid English authority?

6. Describe Scotland of this period of time.

7. How did Edward I help to avoid civil war in Scotland?

8. Who was the one to win the throne of Scotland: John Balliol or Robert Bruce?

9. What did Edward’s treatment of Scots create?

10. How is Edward I called?

11. What was written in the letter to the pope in Rome in 1320?

CHAPTER 6 GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY

Active vocabulary

1. to administer taxation

2. to administer justice

3. to carry out smb’s instructions

4. the Domesday Book

5. to have a seal

6. to commit a crime

7. to try people

8. circuit

9. law court

10. common law

11. accused man

12. trial by ordeal

13. trial by jury

14. guidance

15. nunnery

16. friar

17. preacher

18. from dawn to dusk

19. firma

20. shepherd

21. to be indebted

22. exchequer of the Jews

23. to expel

24. possession of goods

25. custom dues

26. chapman

27. huckster

I. Answer the following questions:

The growth of government

1. Speak on the advantages and disadvantages of the government in the time of William the Conqueror?

2. How did the administration work?

3. How do you understand this sentence: the king always “had his hand in his subject’s pocket”?

4. When were the most important changes in taxation?

5. Why did the administration begin to grow very quickly?

6. What was the importance of the seal?

7. What was the year 1220 marked by?

Law and justice

1. Who except the king was responsible for law and justice?

2. What was the duty of the king’s judges?

3. How did the commoner law influence on other countries?

4. What kind of punishment was used?

5. Comment on the trial by ordeal and trial by jury.

Religious beliefs

1. What was the Church’s influence on religious beliefs?

2. What were the reasons for entering a religious house?

3. Speak on a new movement of the “brotherhood” of friars?

Ordinary people in country and town

1. What information does the Domesday Book give us?

2. Tell about life in the countryside.

3. What was the basis of “manorial system”?

4. What was the life of serfs?

5. What period did the manorial system belong to: a) Norman or b) Anglo-Saxon?

6. Who was Robin Hood? Speak on the legend.

7. What effect did the increase of population have on life in the country in 1066?

8. Where did the shortage of food lead to?

9. What does the “Exchequer of the Jews” tell us?

The growth of towns as centres of wealth

1. What do you know about internal and external trade of England?

2. What was the result of the Norman Conquest for the trade?

3. What kind of trade was flourishing in Anglo-Saxon times?

4. How does the wool trade illustrate the way in which the towns related to the countryside?

5. What were the charters of the freedom?

6. Who was the economy controlled by?

7. When did the “craft” guilds come into being?

8. On what were these guilds directed to?

Language, literature and culture

1. When did the growth of literacy start in England?

2. Who did take a lead in the new intellectual movement?

3. What schools of higher learning were established and when?

4. Why could not all the people in England go to thee schools?

PART III