I. Answer the following questions:

Wales

1. When had the Celts been driven into the Welsh peninsula?

2. How did the Anglo-Saxon call them?

3. Why did the population of Wales remain small?

4. Speak on the Welsh society.

5. What unusual thing had happened in 1043?

6. Who was the last king of Wales?

Ireland

1. What kind of land was Ireland?

2. What was it famous for?

3. Name 5 kingdoms of Ireland.

4. From what time does the beginning of Ireland’s history date?

5. How is this period often called? When and how did it end?

6. What did the Vikings bring to Ireland?

7. How long did the kingship of Ireland last?

8. Who was Ireland ruled by?

Scotland

1. Comment on the societies of Scotland.

2. Who was Scotland populated by? (name 4 groups)

3. When were the Pictish and Scottish kingdoms united?

4. Who were the Britons and the Angles?

5. Why was the unity between Picts, Scots and Britons achieved?

6. What was the use of Celtic Christianity?

7. Tell about the differences between the Angles and the Celts.

8. Why was it difficult to rule Scotland?

PART II

THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES

CHAPTER 4 CONQUEST AND FEUDAL RULE

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

1. to have mercy

2. to be worth of something

3. doom

4. extraordinary amount

5. lordship

6. to take the crown

7. to take charge of treasury

8. to leave in question

9. outstanding skill in something

10. unquestioned ruler

11. to profit from the fine

I. Answer the following questions:

The Norman Conquest

1. Comment on an Anglo-Saxon rebellion against the Normans.

2. What is the year 1086 known for?

Feudalism

1. Prove that William the Conqueror became the greatest feudal lord of England.

2. Where does the word “feudalism” come from?

3. What was the basis of feudal society?

4. Speak on the two basic principles to feudalism.

5. What was the Doomsday Book?

6. Of what importance was the feudal registration of 1086 to a) the king; b) the Norman lords.

Kingship: a family business

1. What was the idea of kingship and lordship in the early Middle Ages?

2. Comment on the kings of England that came after William’s I death.

3. Who was Henry I?

4. What role did Matilda play in the life of England?

5. What was Henry II known for?

6. Who was one of the most popular kings of England?

7. Who was he followed by?

8. Why was King John unpopular with his nobles?

Magna Karta and the decline of feudalism

1. What was the important symbol of political freedom?

2. What was feudal society based on?

3. What were the signs of feudal changing?

CHAPTER 5 THE POWER OF THE KINGS OF ENGLAND

Active vocabulary

1. to pay homage to

2. to argue

3. bishopric

4. to keep to the agreement

5. to make statute

6. “representative institution”

7. the House of Commons

8. the House of Lords

9. gentry

10. commoners

11. to be drained of wealth

12. the Pale

13. to settle the matter

14. shipwreck

15. to charge down

16. pole

17. to hammer smb into the nation