I. Answer the following questions

The invaders

1. When did the Germanic tribes begin to settle in Britain?

2. What do you know about an English monk Bede?

3. Where did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes settle when they came to Britain?

4. Why did it take more than a hundred and fifty years for the Germanic tribes to conquer Britain?

5. What was the fate of the Celts as a result of Anglo-Saxon contest?

6. Who are the Welsh?

7. What influence did Anglo-Saxons have on the Celts?

8. What did the English names of the days of the week mean in early times?

9. Name a number of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that were established during that period?

10. Who was the first king to claim the “kingship of the English”?

11. What had happened to the power of Mercia after Offa’s death?

Government and society

1. What institutions did the Saxons create in that time? Speak on the Witan.

2. What did the Saxon do with the land? Tell about the new administration areas.

3. How did the Anglo-Saxon technology change the shape of English agriculture?

4. What can you say about the manorial system?

5. Tell about the beginning of a class system development?

Christianity: the partnership of church and state

1. When did Christianity first reach Britain?

2. Who was Augustine?

3. What was Augustine’s contribution to reestablishment of Christianity in England?

4. When did he become the first Archbishop of Canterbury?

5. Why did the Anglo-Saxon kings and nobles accepted Christianity first?

6. How can you explain the fact that the bishops of two Christian Churches, Celtic and Roman have been readily accepted in Anglo-Saxon areas? Give the information about the competition between the Celtic and the Roman Churches.

7. What did the king of Northumbria at the Synod of Whitby decide to do?

8. What were the relationships between the bishops and the kings?

9. How did the conversion of Anglo-Saxons to Christianity influence the cultural development of Britain? Cite facts to show that the monasteries in Anglo-Saxon times were centers of knowledge and learning?

10. What did Alfred, the king of Wessex from 871-899, do to the Church?

11. In what ways did the free peasants begin to lose their land?

12. Why did the Anglo-Saxon kings prefer the Roman Church to the Celtic one?

The Vikings

1. Who were the Vikings?

2. What does the word “Vikings” mean?

3. Where did the Vikings come from?

4. What territory of Britain did the Danes manage to conquer?

5. What had Alfred built during his struggle against the Danes?

Who should be a king?

1. How is Ethelred connected with the “Danish money”?

2. How did the leader of the Danish Vikings, Canute become a king?

3. What is Edward known for? What did he do during his life and when did he die?

4. Who was the next king of England?

5. Describe the struggle between Harold and William? How did their struggle finish?

6. When was William crowned king of England? Where did it happen?

Chapter 3 the celtic kingdoms

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

1. peninsula

2. tribal chiefs

3. treacherous

4. to gain advantage

5. to enlarge the kingdom

6. to stretch

7. to accept authority

8. to be seriously defeated

9. to be reasonably peaceful

10. to keep animals

11. to promise loyalty to

12. the “patron saint”

13. to be at war

14. with great cruelty

15. to inherit

16. marriage alliances

17. to seek the friendship