Active vocabulary

1. private fortune

2. mass production

3. division of labour

4. fuel

5. to be perfected

6. ironwork

7. religious sect

8. starvation

9. weaver

10. china goods

11. preaching

12. chapel

13. puritanism

14. reawakening

15. bourgeoisie

I. Answer the following questions:

Industrial revolution

1. What things influenced on Britain’s industry?

2. What is meant under the idea of “labour division”?

3. Who was John Wilkinson and what influence did he have on industry?

4. What were the basic materials of industrial revolution?

5. Hoe did the social effects influence on the industrial revolution?

Society and religion

1. John Welsey and his Methodism.

2. What was Welsey’s attitude to Wilkes?

3. What was the position of slave trade in Britain?

Revolution in France and the Napoleonic Wars

1. How was the revolution in France started by?

2. What were the gentry and the bourgeoisie in Britain afraid of?

3. How did the radicals react on the revolution in France?

4. Who were Tom Pain and Edmund Burke?

5. Why was the British government so afraid that revolution in France would spread to Britain?

6. What role did Wellington play in the war with France?

Part VII the nineteenth century

CHAPTER 19 THE YEARS OF POWER AND DANGER

Active vocabulary

1. free market

2. expansion

3. foreign policy

4. to riot

5. the collapse of political and civil order

6. shortcomings

7. “Tolpuddle Martyrs’

8. an underfed workforce

9. to repeal

10. to be barefoot

11. soled clog

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What led to the rapid growth of the middle class?

2. What main thing did Britain want in Europe?

3. What did Britain do to strengthen its trading position?

4. How did it stand with the foreign policy?

The danger at home, 1815-32

1. How was peace in 1815 connected with unemployment?

2. What theme is vividly described in Dickens’s novels?

3. What were the rich afraid of?

Reform

1. When had the idea of reform begun?

2. Who it was started and encouraged by?

3. What were the positions of the Tories and the Whigs?

4. When was the Reform Bill accepted?

Workers revolt

1. What had happened in 1834 and how it is connected with “Tolpuddle Martyrs”?

2. What did a People’s Charter in 1838 demand?

3. How did Robert Peel help the government?

4. What was the mark of poverty?

Family life

1. Did any changes occur in the equality btw men and women?

2. What was the cause of the return to authority?

CHAPTER 20 THE YEARS OF SELF-CONFIDENCE

Active vocabulary

1. to be exported to

2. banking system

3. to stir beyond

4. to live in the suburbs

5. to benefit by

6. embroidery work

7. an outbreak of cholera

8. slum

9. to avoid arguments

10. betrayal

11. to grow richer

12. to pursue essentially

13. two party system

14. to be slopping away

15. contradiction

16. obvious solution

I. Answer the following questions:

1. When was the Great Exhibition of the Industries of All Nations opened?

2. What was its aim?

The railway

1. What was the greatest example of Britain’s industrial power in the mid-nineteenth century?

2. How did different social layers of society benefit by the railway?

The rise of the middle classes

1. What professions developed with the rise of the middle classes?

2. What was the life of the children from these classes?

The growth of towns and cities

1. Why did the middle classes escape to the suburbs?

2. What was done to improve health condition in Britain?

Population and politics

1. What did an official population survey in 1851 show?

2. What was Peel’s policy during this period?

3. What was meant under “Liberalism”?

4. Comment on the most important political figures of that time.

5. What were the essential changes in the politics of the 19^th c.?

Queen and monarchy

1. What was the period of Victoria’s reign?

2. What was one of the important step to popularity made by Queen Victoria?

3. What was the main idea of royalty?

Queen and empire

1. How did the Britain’s Empire act in the trade sphere?

2. What is David Livingstone famous for?

3. What interest did Britain take in South Africa?

4. What was the reason of creating colonies?

5. What was known as Jingoism?

Wales, Scotland and Ireland

1. Describe the life of people in Wales, Scotland an Ireland.

2. Speak on the development of industry and trade.

3. Comment on the state of religion and politics there.

CHAPTER 21 THE END OF AN AGE