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Міністерство освіти і науки України

Одеський національний університет ім. І.І. Мечникова

Інститут соціальних наук

О.М. Набока, Н.О. Улітіна

МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПОСІБНИК

З АСПЕКТУ

«Країнознавство Великобританії»

Для студентів

відділення Міжнародних відносин

Одеса

2009

PART I

EARLIEST TIMES

CHAPTER I

THE FOUNDATION STONES

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

1. essential – существенный

2. evidence –свидетельство, доказательство

3. settlements – поселение

4. timber – древесина

5. thatch – солома

6. spectacular – захватывающий

7. rural – деревенский

8. decay – разрушаться

9. ditch – канава

10. rampart – крепостной вал

11. erode – разрушать

12. mound – насыпь

13. plough – пахать, вспахать

14. graze – пасти

15. gravel – гравий

16. palisade – обносить частоколом

17. crop – урожай

18. drainage – канализация

19. rubbish heaps – отвал

20. manure – удобрение, удобрять

21. rust – ржаветь, ржавчина

22. discarding – брак, отбросы

23. mud – грязь, загрязнять

24. dredging – углублять

25. burial – захоронение

26. sacrifice – жертвовать/пожертвовать, жертва

27. quern – ручная мельница

28. engraving – гравировать

I. Answer the following questions:

The island

1. How do the sea, climate and land affect life in Britain?

2. What are the differences in climate between north and south?

3. Why has the southeast Britain always been the most populated part of the island?

Britain’s prehistory

1. Speak on the first evidence of human life during the Ice Age. What are the peculiarities of two different kinds of inhabitants during this period?

2. When have a new type of human being, who was the ancestor of modern British arrived? How did they look?

3. Who were the people who inhabited the island as the Ice Age drew to a close?

4. What people are the representatives of the New Stone Age? Describe their appearance and their way of life. Where did they settle?

5. How did the waves of invaders during this period influence on British development?

6. How were the “public works” of this time represented?

7. When did the chalk land people start building great circles of earth banks and ditches?

8. What do we call “henges”?

9. Which henge is the most popular one?

10. Speak on the Stonehenge mystery.

11. Who were the “Beaker” people?

12. Why did people decide to be buried separately and give up the old communal burial barrows?

13. What language did the Beaker people speak?

14. Why did the henge civilization become less important from about 1300 BC? What was the new form of society in southern England?

The Celts

1. What do you know about the Celts?

2. When did the Celts come to Britain? Where did they come from?

3. Why are the Celts important for the British history?

4. What did Julius Caesar write about the Belgic tribes?

5. Describe the organization of the hill-forts?

6. What were the two ancient trade centers in this time?

7. Who were the Druids?

8. Speak on the equality between the sexes during the Celtic period. What is Boadicea known for?

The Romans

1. What word does the name “Britain” come from?

2. Why had the Romans invaded the Celts of Britain?

3. What did the Romans bring to Britain?

4. When did Julius Caesar come to Britain?

5. What did the Romans think about the Celts?

6. Why did the Romans build a strong wall along the northern border of Scotland?

7. When did Roman control of Britain come to an end?

8. How did it happen?

Roman life

1. Describe a Roman town in Britain.

2. What was the biggest change during the Roman occupation?

3. Why did half the entire population die between the ages of twenty and forty?

Chapter II the saxon invasion

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

1. temptation to the greedy

2. to establish settlements

3. kingship

4. to claim

5. dyke

6. personal feeling of loyalty

7. to issue laws and charters

8. Privy Council

9. shire reeve (sheriff)

10. ‘holding’

11. manorial system

12. to administer justice

13. alderman

14. local official

15. earl (warlord)

16. high ranking nobles

17. paganism

18. Archbishop

19. Gospel

20. Christian authority

21. Synod

22. to offer resistance

23. to try for the throne

24. successor to

25. to benefit from

26. vital trade routes

27. wheel-made pottery

28. to hold out against

29. treaty

30. to keep smb. out

31. Confessor

32. to be challenged by

33. Viking