Conditional sentences

Type of condition	if-clause	main clause	Examples
Type I Real condition (refers to the future)	Present Indefinite	Future Indefinite can + Infinitive	If I have enough money, I will/ can buy a car.
Type II Unreal condition (refers to the present or future)	Present Subjunctive II (Past Indefinite)	would/could + Infinitive	If I had enough money, I would/could buy a car
Type III Unreal condition (refers to the past)	Past Subjunctive II (Past Perfect)	would/could have + Past Participle	If I had had enough money, I would/could have bought a car.

Exercise 24. Transform the sentences as in the example

Example: If I have time, I shall help you.

If I had time, I should help you.

If I had had time, I should have helped you.

1. If he works hard, he will pass the exams well. 2. If you don’t listen to the teacher, you will learn nothing. 3. If we are careful, we’ll leave behind our competitors. 4. If he lives in England, he will go to Oxford University. 5. If he is not very busy, he will help you. 6. If they finish their work quickly, they will go home early. 7. If the price on this product goes up, nobody will buy it. 8. If the rain stops, the girls will go for a walk.

Exercise 25. Define the type of Conditional Sentences and translate into Ukrainian.

1. If he joins us, we shall finish this work in time. 2. If he comes, give him the letter that is lying on the table. 3. If our parents permit, we shall buy this beautiful thing. 4. If he comes here, we’ll ask him to help us. 5. You will improve your pronunciation if you read texts aloud every day. 6. If he sends me a telegram, I’ll have to go to the station to meet him. 7. If there were no price system, it would be impossible to determine a value for any good or service. 8. I wouldn’t be surprised if they didn’t agree with us. 9. I’d do it all myself if I had more time. 10. What would you do if the lift got stuck between two floors? 11. I would be ruined if I bought her everything she asked for. 12. If it stopped raining, we could go out. 13. We’d buy more of these sets if your prices weren’t so high. 14. I would offer to help if I thought I’d be any use. 15. If I were rich, I would travel around the world. 16. If I had realized what a bad driver you were, I wouldn’t have come with you. 17. If you had put some mustard in the sandwiches, they would have tasted better. 18. If he had known the whole story, he would not have been so angry. 19. If she had listened to my directions, she would not have turned down the wrong street. 20. Rome would have been captured by her enemies if the geese hadn’t cackled. 21. Had the road been better, we should not have been late.

Exercise 26. Define the type of Conditional Sentences and translate into Ukrainian.

1. If he doesn’t ring us up, we’ll send him a telegramme. 2. We’ll come there at ten o’clock in the evening if the train isn’t late. 3. Should you require anything else, please ring the bell. 4. If they work hard, they won’t lose any customers.5. If we had learnt of his proposal earlier, we might have accepted it. 3. If I worked harder, I would pass the exams easily. 6. If I were you, I’ll find a new job. 7. If he had asked, I would have helped him. 8. If I received any news, I should let you know. 9. We shall wait here if you don’t mind. 10. If it had rained yesterday, we should have stayed at home. 11. Had the road been better, we shouldn’t have been late. 12. If the children are playing quietly, don’t disturb them. 13. You would not have got into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions. 14. If we plant the trees this year we’ll pick up fruit in three years.

Exercise 27. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If I see him, I (give) him a lift. 2. If he (be) late, we’ll go without him. 3. I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes. 4. If you come late, they (not let) you in. 5. If you put on the kettle, I (make) the tea. 6. If I lend you $10, when you (repay) me? 7. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him. 8. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else? 9. If you (not like) this one, I’ll bring you another. 10. If he (like) the house, will he buy it? 11. She won’t open the door unless she (know) who it is. 12. The police (arrest) him if they catch him. If he had asked you, you (accept)? 2. If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you. 3. If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I (not lend) him the money. 4. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you. 5. If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded. 6. I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way. 7. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes. 8. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat. 9. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 10. If I (know) that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake. 1. If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you. 2. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes. 3. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you. 4. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come). 5. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree. 6. If we had more rain, our crops (grow) faster. 7. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money. 8. If you (change) your job, would it affect your pension?

Exercise 28. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If you pass your examination, we (have) a celebration. 2. If you (wear) a false beard, nobody would have recognized you. 3. If you go to Paris, where you (stay)? 4. If they (hang) that picture lower, people would be able to see it. 5. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) it. 6. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there. 7. What (happen) if I press this button? 8. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly. 9. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.

Exercise 29. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. The teacher will be very angry if you (not do) your homework. 2. If he (tell) me, I could help him. 3. If you don’t water the flowers, they (die). 4. If you didn’t water the flowers, they (die). 5. I (come) if I had time. 6. If you don’t hurry, you (miss) the bus. 7. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t buy that car. 8. He will play tennis if the weather (be) good. 9. I would be very happy if she (be) my sister. 10. She could win the race if she (try). 11. If he (go) to bed early, he will get up early. 12. If he touches this wire, he (get) a shock. 13. You will get wet if it (rain). 14. If I knew, I wouldn’t say it if I (be) you. 15. What will you do if you (get) a bad mark? 16. If she (wear) a necklace, her dress will look better. 17. If you go near the dog, it (bite) you. 18. Bodrum (be) ideal for a holiday if it weren’t so crowded. 19. He will be ill if he (eat) so much. 20. If she (read) the book carefully, she will understand it. 21. The children can stay up late if they (be) good. 22. If the dinner isn’t ready, I (go) out. 23. We would die if the plane (crash).

Exercise 30. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. He (not / live) in İstanbul if he (hate) it. 2. If you (write) the letters, I (post) them. 3. If you (not / leave) immediately, I (call) the police. 4. If he (not / arrive) soon, we (have to) have dinner without him. 5.I (not / have to) borrow any money from you if I (get) my salary tomorrow. 6. If you (invite) her to the dance, she (be) very pleased. 7. If you (retire) soon, you (make yourself ill. 8. If you (write) him a letter, he (know) our address. 9. If the policeman had seen the thief, he (arrest) him. 10. The buildings wouldn’t have burned to ashes if the firemen (come) in time. 11. People wouldn’t cross the Bosphorus, if they (not / build) those bridges. 12. If the family had saved enough money, they (buy) a new flat. 13. If I had known that he was sleeping, I (not / disturb) him. 14. If I had lost all my money, I (be) very unhappy. 15. If you had phoned me before you came, you (find) me at home.

WRITING

Exercise 31. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. Фізичне виховання – це важлива складова освітньої навчальної програми.

2. Фізичне виховання, як навчальна дисципліна, присвячується вивченню рухомоторних навичок та вмінь людини, а також формуванню фізичних вмінь.3. Залучення учнів до фізично активного способу життя заняття танцями позитивно впливає їх стан здоров’я. 4. Програма з фізичного виховання спрямована допомогти учням залучитись до здорового способу життя. 5. Роки навчання в школі – це сприятливий час для занять спортом. 6. Учні в цьому віці мають великі можливості для занять спортом. 7.Оволодіння знань про рухомоторні навички та вміння - це важлива частина фізичного виховання. 8. Отже фізичне виховання є важливим компонентом навчальної програми спрямованої на всебічний розвиток особистості.

Exercise 32. a) Read an article and fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from the list.