Vocabulary

village	село, деревня	ancient history	древняя история
settlement	поселение	medieval history	средневековая история
cossack's settlement	казачья станица	Dark Ages	средние века
town	небольшой город	Tsarist's Russia	царская Россия
suburbs	пригороды	serfdom abolition	отмена крепостного права
city	крупный город	Great October revolution	Великая октябрьская революция
center of the region	районный центр	Great Patriotic War	Великая Отечественная война
capital of the republic	столица республики	WW II/ World War II	вторая мировая война
capital of the federal district	столица федераль­ного округа	soviet times	советские времена
historical center	исторический центр	former USSR	бывший СССР
cultural center	культурный центр	Five-Year Plan	пятилетка
trade center	торговый центр	restore	реставрировать
transport center	транспортный центр	construct	строить

2. Derive the adjective from the noun: history − historical.

Military, culture, science, industry, trade, agriculture, administration, politics.

3. Find the sentences with these key words in text 4a.

the most wonderful towns	a rich merchant
looks like Palace Square	a small settlement
‘White nights’	a manager of copper mines
Coat of arms	cultural and entertaining centres
long and severe winters	serfdom abolition
berries and mushrooms	beautiful and majestic

4. Find the English equivalents in text 4a.

Великая Отечественная война, полукруг, изогнутый, администрация, природа, герб, бурундук, символ, расположен, санки, клюква, брусника, жимолость, сосна, лиственница, купец, горное училище, кукольный театр, хореография, изобретатель

5. Prepare an excursion around Krasnoturyinsk, show your guests all the sights of our town, tell them about the history of your hometown.

6. Read text 4b and translate it. Text 4b. Severouralsk

I n the encyclopedia ‘My town’ you will find the following information about Severouralsk: ‘Severouralsk is a small town in Sverdlovsk region. It is situated about 512 km. from Yekaterinburg on the Vagran River with the population of 33500 people. Severouralsk is the center of bauxite mining and processing. A famous bauxite deposit ‘Krasnaya shapochka’ was discovered in 1931 by Nikolai Karzhavin’. As you see, this information is quite brief and poor. Let’s get some more facts about this town.

Many years ago, in early 17th, the northern part of the Urals was a part of Ugorsk territory (Ugra), which belonged to the mansi nation. The Mansis lived on the both sides of the Urals and they were called the voguls (voguliches). Later they moved to the East and made their settlements between the northern parts of the Sosva and the southern borders of Sverdlovsk region. The Mansi lived in yurtas (round houses) and were good fishmen, hunters and reindeer-breeders.

The first Russian settlement Lozvinski gorodok was founded in 1589, but it was destroyed in 1598, when Verhoturje appeared. Verhoturje played an important and determinative role in natural resources developing of the Northen Ural.

The interaction between Russian people and voguls was limited to Czar taxation payment (yasak), the so called ‘soft lumber’ (мягкая рухлядь) fells of sables, martens and beavers. Each man from 16 up to 59 was imposed tax on.

Some mansi names were mentioned in chronicles, such as Keka Moroskov, Denga Ondryushin, Cheka Altiev (Кека Моросков, Денга Ондрюшин и Чека Алтиев); they were the ancestors of the Morozkovs, Denezhkins, Altipovs. These names still exist on the map of the Northern Urals: Morozkovo a settlement in Serov region, a famous Denezhkin Kamen mountain, Denezhkino a village in Ivdel region, The Dansha river and so on.

The first industrial enterprise of the Northern Urals Lyalinski brass works was founded in 1724, but it was closed when ore deposits were worked out.

Since that time ore-experts from Verhoturje had been trying to find ore deposits in this region along the Turjya, the Kolonga, the Vagran, the Sosva rivers. The Mansi were the guides and played an important role in discovering of those ore deposits.

Up to 1757 the North of Sverdlovsk region was a remote, god-forsaken land, and the Lyalya River was a natural northern border of Russian settlements in Verhoturje region. Since that time, the history of Novolyalinsk, Krasnoturinsk, Karpinsk, Severouralsk, Serov and Ivdel regions has a tight connection with the name of Maksim Mihailovich Pohodyashin.

Maksim Mihailovich Pohodyashin was a rich merchant; being very far-seeing, he made up his mind to put up money for metallurgy. Two ore-deposits were sold to Pohodyashin by an ore-expert Gregory Posnikov and an active merchant chose the proper place for his first iron-making works.

The construction of Petropavlovsk works began in 1758. Pohodyashin actively kept on searching for new ores and convenient places for works building. The government supported his initiative and 4200 peasants from Cherdin were sent to the Urals for working out the deposits. The first cast iron was fused in June 1760, but discovering of new copper deposits inspired Pohodyashin to transfer the working process to copper fusing. The building was finished in 1764.

By 1766 the works had a blast furnace, 15 copper-smelting furnaces, two hummers and 12 furnaces. Ore was delivered from Turinskie rudniki and since 1767 to 1776 the works produced 15,000 poods of copper (1 pood = 16,38 kg), the works became one of the biggest enterprises of the country. This copper was used for coining money. But by the end of the century the works lost its first place and Bogoslovsky works became the main copper producer of the North Ural (now Karpinsk town). By 1789 there were only 160 houses, 136 men and 133 women, who lived and worked in Petropavlovsk works.

After Pohodyashin’s death his heirs sold the works to the Treasury. In 1827 it was closed as unprofitable.

In 1826 Alexander Chekletzhov discovered gold and this date became a new step of industrial working out of the region.

Gold-mining, hunting and fishing were the main occupations of the inhabitants of this region in 19th century, so by 1897 1590 people lived there.

During Soviet times many people from almost all parts of the country were sent to this region. They were so called ‘kulaks’, so a lot of villages appeared in taiga.

In 1931 Nikolai Karzhavin discovered a famous bauxite deposit ‘Krasnaya shapochka’ and in 1934 the Northern Urals Bauxite Mine (SUBR) was founded. SUBR became the basis for a new town of Severouralsk, which was granted a town status in 1944 after a number of surrounding settlements had been integrated into it.