Agricultural chemistry

Agricultural chemistry is concerned with the substances and chemical reactions that are involved with the production, protection and use of crops and livestock. Agricultural chemists develop fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides necessary for large-scale crop production. They must also monitor how these products are used and their impacts on the environment.

Agricultural biotechnology is a fast-growing focus for many agricultural chemists. Genetically manipulating crops to be resistant to the herbicides used to control weeds in the fields requires detailed understanding of both the plants and the chemicals at the molecular level. Biochemists must understand genetics, chemistry and business needs to develop crops that are easier to transport or that have a longer shelf life.

Chemical engineering

Chemical engineers research and develop new materials or processes that involve chemical reactions. Chemical engineering combines a background in chemistry with engineering and economics concepts to solve technological problems. Chemical engineering jobs fall into two main groups: industrial applications and development of new products.

Industries require chemical engineers to devise new ways to make the manufacturing of their products easier and more cost effective. Chemical engineers are involved in designing and operating processing plants, develop safety procedures for handling dangerous materials, and supervise the manufacture of nearly every product we use. Chemical engineers work to develop new products and processes in every field from pharmaceuticals to fuels and computer components. 

Geochemistry

Geochemists combine chemistry and geology to study the makeup and interaction between substances found in the Earth. Geochemists may spend more time in field studies than other types of chemists. They may travel to remote abandoned mines to collect samples and perform rough field evaluations, and then follow a stream through its watershed to evaluate how contaminants are moving through the system. Petroleum geochemists are employed by oil and gas companies to help find new energy reserves. They may also work on pipelines and oil rigs to prevent chemical reactions that could cause explosions or spills.

Vocabulary development exercises

Chemistry, chemist or chemical?

1. a degree in ….. 2. a research ….. 3. a …… element 4. the ……. industry 5. ………reactions 6. inorganic …… 7. ……….processes 8. analytical ……. 9. ……… laboratory 10. …….. of cooking 11. …….. bond 12. ……. engineer

Atom(s) or atomic?

1. split the …. 2. …….. weight 3. ……. energy 4. an …… consists of 5. ……. heat 6. be composed of …… 7. …….. theory 8. ……. orbitals

Engineer or engineering?

1. a chemical …….. 2. chemical ……… 3. modern ……….. 4. a degree in …………

Science, scientist or scientific?

1. the laws of ….. 2. …….. methods 3. the advance of modern ….. 4. ………. research 5. sites of ……. interest.

Most common noun suffixes in English.

-or/-er	doctor, visitor, teacher
-ist	cyclist, guitarist
-ian	politician
-ing	building, clothing
-ment	argument
-tion/sion	attention, permission
-ance/ence	importance, independence
-ness	sadness
-ship	friendship
-hood	brotherhood
-age	shortage
-dom	freedom
-ism	racism
-al	arrival

Make nouns.

develop

discover

explain

interact

require

protect

produce

add

safe

evaluate

Types of endings in English Grammar.

-s/-es	Окончание -s/-es получают: a) имена существительные во мн.ч. b) глаголы в форме Present Simple, если подлежащее 3л., ед.ч.	a) cat – cats, dog – dogs, watch – watches, engineer- engineers, theory – theories, etc. b) I read – he reads, we learn – she learns, they describe – it describes, etc.
-ing	Окончание -ing получают: a) герундий b) причастие I	a) swimming suit, without buying anything – ничего не купив, reading books is useful – читать книги полезно, etc. b) leaving- оставляющий, reading – читающий, feeling – чувствуя, opening the door, открыв дверь, etc.
-ed	Окончание -ed получают: a) глаголы в форме Past Simple b) причастие II	a) dance – danced, wash – washed, etc. b) vanished papers – исчезнувшие бумаги, typed list – напечатанный список, etc.
-er	Окончание -ed получают: a) имена прилагательные и иногда наречия в сравнительной степени	big – bigger, small – smaller, etc
-est	Окончание -ed получают: a) имена прилагательные и иногда наречия в превосходной степени	small – smallest, big – biggest, etc.