Grammar notes Participle

(на примере правильного глагола study)

	Active	Passive
Present	studying	being studied
Perfect	having studied	having been studied
Past	-	studied

Read the sentences from sociological texts, underline the Participles. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. In fine, religion is nothing but a dream, systematized and lived, but without any foundation in reality.

2. He is much too accustomed to it to be greatly surprised by it.

3. This can be extremely misleading, tending to produce an identification of power with the sanctions that are or can potentially be used by the power holder.

4. All societies having some degree of stability of structure develop such ideological systems which serve to “rationalize" the lines of domination-subordination in society and thereby cohere the social structure.

5. If, say, a specific problem is analyzed in terms of, say, Marxian assumptions about the manipulative role played by elite groups in positions of power, then the resists are likely to be quite divergent from an analysis which assumes that power is widely diffused in society, and rests upon “voluntarily” accepted subordination.

6. It is the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

7. Areas studied in sociology can range from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social interaction.

8. This theory developed by him had a great influence on the sociology as a whole.

9. Regarding a society as a thing, what kind of thing must we call it?

10. Having understood Weber’s idea, we can make the theory interesting for today's economists and sociologists.

11. Characterized by a considerable amount of suspicion; sociology was not a serious science.

12. Designating himself as a sociologist, he continued to be an economist.

13. Having been prevented from this, your expenses and your income were kept in order.

14. Used in this specific sense, it is the spirit of modern capitalism.

15. For that we are here dealing only with Western European and American capitalism.

16. Being stated nowadays the problem is obvious.

17. Appearing only under capitalistic conditions this conception has a lot of drawbacks.

18. Concerning the doctrine of the more naive historical materialism, we shall speak more in detail.

19. . Explaining the possibility of making work easier he generally encountered a complete lack of understanding.

20. Sombart, discussing the genesis of capitalism, has distinguished between the satisfaction of needs and acquisition as the two great leading principles in economic history.

21. Having been represented even in Germany by occasional outstanding examples the ideal type of the capitalistic entrepreneur has no relation to such more or less refined climbers.

22. Dominating at that time doctrine rejected the spirit of capitalistic acquisition or at least could not give it a positive ethical sanction.

23. The rationalizing private law, for instance, it is thought of as a logical simplification and rearrangement of the content of the law.

24. Immersing himself in the study of a variety of new books, journals, and newspapers he soon shed his previous Orthodox religious and philosophical beliefs.

25. The group as a whole being elevated, all its members are elevated also.

26. Taking into account complexity of modern social organizations, including a society, and their social mechanisms, question on their origin and evolution is very interesting.

UNIT 7