Speaking Results and conclusion of the current research

Vocabulary to use

comprehensive/ extensive

detailed

results/ data/ evidence

remarkable/ convincing

preliminary

sufficient/ insufficient

to collect/ to obtain/ to get/ to receive data

to treat/ to deal with the problem

to make progress in/ to succeed in

to fail (in)

to coincide

to agree with/ to fit the assumption

to support/ to provide support/ in support of

to come to an understanding

to conclude

to come to/ to make conclusions

Answer the questions:

1. Have you already received any research results?

2. What are the main results of your current research?

3. Have you succeeded in obtaining extensive data?

4. Do your results coincide with the theory you follow?

5. Are the results of purely theoretical or practical interest?

6. Are the data you have collected sufficient to formulate your final conclusions?

7. What part of your research remains still unfinished?

8. What conclusions have you come to?

9. How long will it take you to finish your research?

Speak about the results of your research and conclusions you have made.

Work in pairs: ask for and give information about the results and conclusions of your current research.

Grammar notes

Infinitive and Gerund

(на примере правильного глагола study)

Infinitive

	Active	Passive
Simple	to study	to be studied
Progressive	to be studying
Perfect	to have studied	to have been studied
Perfect Progressive	to have been studying

Gerund

	Active	Passive
Simple	studying	being studied
Perfect	having studied	having been studied

Read the sentences from sociological texts, underline the Infinitives and Gerunds. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The social organizations are united by some common features, that let talking about their common origin and common laws of functioning and development.

2. The social administration must be observed more widely.

3. Taking into account that the existing social organizations are far from perfection, the general possibility of improving the quality of the human life is in improving the existing organizations – artificial, natural,c ombined and also in creation of the new more developed organizations.

4. Regarding a society as a thing, what kind of thing must we call it?

5. Depending on specificity of soluble social problems in societies, we should consider all these questions.

6. The true answer to the threat of bureaucracy as a source of abuse of power is to create spheres of arbitrary freedom protected by unbreakable rules.

7. The passing of market-economy can become the beginning of an era of unprecedented freedom.

8. If regulation is the only means of spreading and strengthening freedom in a complex society, and yet to make use of this means is contrary to freedom per se, then such a society cannot be free.

9. To quote once more Robert Owen's inspired words: "Should any causes of evil be irremovable by the new powers which men are about to acquire, they will know that they are necessary and unavoidable evils; and childish, unavailing complaints will cease to be made.”

10. It would then seem useless to discuss the third thesis of the system.

11. Thinking consists in arranging our ideas, and consequently -in classifying them.

12. To think of fire, for example, is to put it into a certain category of things, in such a way as to be able to say that it is this or that, or this and not that.

13. Now in order to maintain itself, society frequently finds it necessary that we should see things from a certain angle and feel them in a certain way;

14. It is a similar reason which explains his tendency to treat his playthings as if they were living beings.

15. Let us therefore leave these doubtful analogies to one side.

16. Going beyond the mere letter of the totemic beliefs, Smith set himself to find the fundamental principles upon which they depend.

17. Having well mastered the language spoken by these peoples, Strehlow has been able to bring us a large number of totemic myths and religious songs, which are given us, for the most part, in the original text.

18. This newer theory of power is an attempt to develop a set of concepts which will overcome what he sees as important detects in me “traditional” notion.

19. But it is interpreted exclusively as a facility for getting what one group, the holders of power, wants by preventing another group, the 'cuts' from getting what it wants.

20. The other ways of obtaining compliance should not be regarded, Parsons stresses, as forms of power.

21. Ego may try to control the “situation” in which alter is placed, or try to control alter's “intentions”; the “modes” of control depend upon whether sanctions which may be applied are positive.

22. However, to regard the use of force in itself as a criterion of power is an error which only the more naive of social analysts would make.

23. With no hope of continuing his education or of finding employment, Sorokin resolved in the fall of 1907 to make his way to St. Petersburg.

24. To take labor out of the market means a transformation as radical as was the establishment of a competitive labor market.

UNIT 6