Grammar notes

Revision of tenses (continuation)

Read the sentences from sociological works, underline the verb forms and name the tense they are used in. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The basic goal of sociological research is to understand the social world in its many forms.

2. Sociologist Erving Goffman (1969) argued that people conduct themselves so as to generate impressions that maintain the identities, or ''faces,'' that they have in social situations.

3. Cross-cultural research among people speaking diverse languages in more than twenty-five nations around the world revealed that any person, behavior, object, setting, or property of persons evokes an affective response consisting of three components.

4. In recent years the number of black professional, technical, managerial, and administrative workers has increased significantly.

5. Why have African Americans been disproportionately concentrated in those jobs with lower status?

6. Studies have shown that housing segregation remains very high in U.S. metropolitan areas, North and South.

7. These field studies have revealed the everyday character of the racial barriers and the consequent pain faced by blacks at the hands of whites in employment, housing, education, and public accommodations.

8. The first annual report of the society indicated 408 members distributed throughout Great Britain.

9. Early members of the society included an interesting variety of promi­nent public and literary figures.

10. . Among these was the long-standing opposition to the creation of sociology as a university subject by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which were at the top of the educational establishment in Britain.

11. But, the most persistent obstacle was the hierarchical social structure of British society that prevented the effective interrogation of its social structures

12. Whose study was first?

13. Bendix initially observed that all industrial societies had to authoritatively coordinate productive activities.

14. He showed that national variation in ideologies of workplace dominance were related to differences in the social structures of the countries studied.

15. Wallerstein suggested that the economic interdependence of nation-states likely conditions their developmental trajectories.

16. Each of these influential studies combined theoretical concepts and nonexperimental research methods.

17. For the individual, the Web has become an important ''presentation of self,'' an opportunity for publishing personal and professional resumes and other information.

18. In the next few years the Web and its technologies will offer many new opportunities for conducting research.

19. The pace of these new developments will continue to challenge sociologists to not only to stay current with the new tools for research but to conduct research on the rapidly growing cultures of the Internet.

20. The question of convergent trends in industrial organization has remained the focus of active debate and much research.

21. The large research literature related on this question has produced mixed evidence with respect to convergence.

22. On the question of sectoral and occupational shifts, Gibbs and Browning found both similarities and differences.

23. Sociologists were initially involved in the use of cultural diffusion theory as a means of looking at cultural change.

24. All of the major sociological theorists considered the division of labor to be a fundamental concept in understanding the development of modern society.

25. Sociology later emerged as a scientific discipline.

26. His own sociological scheme was typical.

27. . Like Comte, these figures did not consider themselves only "sociologists".

28. Early theorists' approach to sociology, led by Comte, was to treat it in much the same manner as natural science.

29. Another outcome has been the formation of public sociology, which emphasizes the usefulness of sociological analysis to various social groups.

30. Consequently the totemic representations of the sort which we have just mentioned are rarer and less apparent in Australia than in America.

31. These different facts gave us an idea of the considerable place held by the totem in the social life of the primitives.

32. Up to the present, it has appeared to us as something relatively outside of the man, for it is only upon external things that we have seen it represented.

33. When did the clans unite to live a common life?

34. This explanation has resolved the question only by repeating it in slightly different terms.

35. They thought they had found the proof of their theory in the two following facts.

36. We have seen that there are strong reasons for believing it.

37. However, here also there were exceptions and tolerations.

38. In order to give a semblance of intelligibility to this duality they have invented myths.

UNIT 3