Первомайський медичний коледж

Методична розробка позааудиторної самостійної роботи студентів з теми:

«Emergency Care»

Навчальний предмет :«Англійська мова»

Спеціальність: 5. 12 010102 «Сестринська справа»

Курс : IIІ

Кількість годин: 2

Автор: Шушняєва Ю. В.,

викладач англійської мови вищої

кваліфікаційної категорії,

«викладач-методист»

Обговорено і затверджено

На засіданні комісії гуманітарних та соціально-економічних дисциплін

протокол № ____ від «___» _________ 2014 року

Голова ЦМК _______ __________ Шушняєва Ю.В.

М. Первомайськ

І. Актуальність теми: Вивчення теми «Emergency Care» займає одне з важливих місць серед інших тем навчальної програми. Вивчаючи цю тему, студенти поширюють свої знання про частини тіла, організм людини, хвороби та догляд за хворими, вдосконалюють свої знання з термінології.

II. Навчальні цілі:

Знати: лексику по темі

Вміти:вірно вимовляти лексичні одиниці; вживати їх в мовленні.

III. Матеріали для підготовчої роботи:

3.1. Базові знання, вміння, навички, необхідні для самостійного вивчення теми. Матеріали доаудиторної самостійної роботи.

Дисципліни	Знати	Вміти
Українська мова Анатомія Біологія Фізіологія Сестринський процес	лексику до теми	перекласти з англійської мови на українську Спілкуватися в межах даної тематики з опрою на зразок

3.2. Зміст теми: First Aid Medical Information

F irst aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured casualty until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.

First aid - the care given before emergency medical help arrives - can literally mean the difference between life and death. But knowing the correct thing to do if someone has a nosebleed or cut is also important.

Accidents happen anywhere and anytime. The first response to an accident is the most important. Often times, first aid given at the scene can improve the victim’s chances of survival and a good recovery. The right response is better than an incorrect quick one. Any response, even if it is wrong, is better than none at all.

Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention. It generally consists of a series of simple and, in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.

The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points:

Preserve life - the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives

Promote recovery - first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound.

Prevent further harm - also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.

Much of first aid is common sense. Basic principles, such as knowing to use an adhesive bandage or applying direct pressure on a bleed, are often acquired passively through life experiences. However, to provide effective, life-saving first aid interventions requires instruction and practical training. This is especially true where it relates to potentially fatal illnesses and injuries, such as those that require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); these procedures may be invasive, and carry a risk of further injury to the patient and the provider.

First aid doesn’t take long to learn but can help to save lives. First aid training is often available through community organizations such as the Red Cross and St. John Ambulance, or through commercial providers, who will train people for a fee. St John Ambulance believes that everyone should learn at least the basic first aid techniques. You may need to use them at any time at home, at school or work or even while you're travelling. Knowing what to do can make the difference to a person's recovery and you could even save their life.

It is important to have a first aid kit available. Keep one at home and one in your car. It should include a first-aid guide. Read the guide to learn how to use the items, so you are ready in case an emergency happens. It is also advised to be prepared for illness while traveling locally or to a foreign country.

Important Disclaimer: This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, emergency treatment or formal first-aid training. Do NOT use this information to diagnose or develop a treatment plan for a health problem or disease without consulting a qualified health care provider. If you're in a life-threatening or emergency medical situation, seek medical assistance immediately.

Bleeding

Major bleeding may be a life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention. Bleeding may be external or internal. Bleeding may be from an ARTERY, a major blood vessel which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body. It may be from a VEIN, which carries blood back to the heart to be oxygenated or bleeding may be from a CAPILLARY, the smallest of our body's blood vessels.

ARTERIAL bleeding is characterized by spurts with each beat of the heart, is bright red in color (although blood darkens when it meets the air) and is usually severe and hard to control. ARTERIAL bleeding requires immediate attention!

VENUS bleeding is characterized by a steady flow and the blood is dark, almost maroon in shade. Venus bleeding is easier to control than Arterial bleeding.

CAPILLARY bleeding is usually slow, oozing in nature and this type of bleeding usually has a higher risk of infection than other types of bleeding.

FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING IS INTENDED TO:

• STOP THE BLEEDING

• PREVENT INFECTION

• PREVENT SHOCK

How to control bleeding

• Apply DIRECT PRESSURE on the wound. use a dressing, if available. if a dressing is not available, use a rag, towel, piece of clothing or your hand alone.

IMPORTANT:  ONCE PRESSURE IS APPLIED, KEEP IT IN PLACE. IF DRESSINGS BECOME SOAKED WITH BLOOD, APPLY NEW DRESSINGS OVER THE OLD DRESSINGS. THE LESS A BLEEDING WOUND IS DISTURBED, THE EASIER IT WILL BE TO STOP THE BLEEDING!

• If bleeding continues, and you do not suspect a fracture, ELEVATE the wound above the level of the heart and continue to apply direct pressure.

• If the bleeding still cannot be controlled, the next step is to apply PRESSURE AT A PRESSURE POINT. For wounds of the arms or hands, pressure points are located on the inside of the wrist ( radial artery-where a pulse is checked) or on the inside of the upper arm (brachial artery). For wounds of the legs, the pressure point is at the crease in the groin (femoral artery). Steps 1 and 2 should be continued with use of the pressure points.

• The final step to control bleeding is to apply a PRESSURE BANDAGE over the wound. Note the distinction between a dressing and a bandage. A dressing may be a gauze square applied directly to a wound, while a bandage, such as roll gauze, is used to hold a dressing in place. Pressure should be used in applying the bandage. After the bandage is in place, it is important to check the pulse to make sure circulation is not interrupted. When faced with the need to control major bleeding, it is not important that the dressings you will use are sterile! use whatever you have at hand and work fast!