2/ Types of property

The property from economic point of view is divided into following stages: the lowest stage is conducting a business alone and the highest stage is cooperation. According to these stages there are three types of the property such as individual, shared, common. Also the following types of property are possible: Most legal systems distinguish different types (immovable property, estate in land, real estate, real property) of property, especially between land and all other forms of property—goods and chattels, movable property or personal property. They often distinguish tangible and intangible property. One categorization scheme specifies three species of property: land, improvements (immovable man-made things), and personal property (movable man-made things). In common law, real property (immovable property) is the combination of interests in land and improvements there to, and personal property is interest in movable property. Real property rights are rights relating to the land. These rights include ownership and usage. Owners can grant rights to persons and entities in the form of leases, licenses and easements. Later, with the development of more complex theories of property, personal property was divided into tangible property (such as cars and clothing) and intangible property (such as financial instruments, including stocks and bonds, and intellectual property, including patents, copyrights, and trademarks).

In case of the individual property- owner takes all the results of the production or any other activities. There are two types of individual property such as

• individual property based on owners labour (owner does all the work)

• individual property based on others labour (owner engages (нанимать)other workers)

The shared property means using owner’s all production factors together to achieve planed aims.

There are several types of shared property. They are partnership, joint-stock company, joint venture (совместное предприятие), production co-operation.

Partnership is a commercial unit, which aim is to get a profit. The establishment fund of the partnership is formulated from the capital of each participant.

Joint-stock company is a commercial company, where its establishment fund is divided into shares. Only joint-stock company has right to issue shares.

Joint venture is an enterprise where national and foreign businessmen combine their capital to produce goods and services.

Production co-operation is an independent cooperation of its members. They combine their share fees to conduct a business.

In case of common type of the property all members of the society use the results of the activity. General property is divided into government property, municipal, family.

The government property is an object, which is used to provide social stability and national security in the society. They are military, health, education, agricultural spheres and others.

Municipal property is a property rights of local management. The objects of municipal properties are water supply system, canalization, gas supply system, electricity supply system, transportation and others.

Important widely recognized types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons or business entities), public property (state owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectual property (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.), although the latter is not always as widely recognized or enforced. A title, or a right of ownership, establishes the relation between the property and other persons, assuring the owner the right to dispose of the property as the owner sees fit.