5V011600 - "Geography"

Economic and geographic bases environmental management

4 course

Zhangozhina G.M

Noosphere - is:

A) an independentlayer of the Earth

B) & the highest stage of development of the biosphere

C) the evolution of organisms on the basis of internal reactions

D) the human condition as a species

E) ecosystem is extremely limited by mileage.

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Biosphere - is:

A) the totality of living organisms

B) the habitat of living organisms

C) a higher stage of evolution of the lithosphere

D) layer of living matter - "film of life"

E) & the totality of living organisms, their habitats, combined real-energy metabolism.

Economic fertility of soil - is:

A) fertility, defined by artificial facilities

B) fertility, determined by natural factors

C) fertility, calculated per unit area

D) & fertility, is a collection of natural and artificial fertility

E) the potential fertility of the soil.

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99% Of the forests of Kazakhstan are:

A) industrial value

B) industrial and field-protective value

C) industrial and recreational and restorative value

D) industrial Sanitary and hygienic meaning

E) & health improvement and rehabilitation, sanitation and hygiene, water protection.

The predominant species of timber in Kazakhstan are:

A) & saksaul, birch, pine, fir, spruce, shrubs

B) larch, Haloxylon, pine

C) ash, maple, beech, hornbeam, fir

D) shrubs

E) saksaul, oak, poplar, hornbeam.

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Key (by volume) water user in Kazakhstan is:

A) industry

B) water transport

C) & agriculture

D) fisheries

E) housing and utilities.

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Simple reproduction of natural fertility - is:

A) Nature capacious type of agricultural production

B) & conservation type agricultural production

C) the nature improving type of agricultural production

D) all types of agricultural production

E) nature-type agricultural production.

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Generally accepted in the world to establish the price of land is:

A) the cost approach

B) reproductive approach

C) production approach

D) a natural approach

E) & rental approach.

Choose the correct name of the environmental situation by the following definition: "This is a potentially reversible condition arising in natural ecosystems as a result of disturbance of equilibrium under the influence of disaster natural or anthropogenic factors":

A) environmental accident

B) & environmental crisis

C) ecological disaster

D) the ecological balance

E) ecological disaster.

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Specify which gas makes the biggest "contribution" to the formation of the greenhouse effect:

A) Methane

B) nitrogen oxides

C) sulfide

D) & carbon dioxide

E) freon.

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Specify the correct definition of "desertification":

A) is a type of remediation

B) is a process characterized by a decrease in species diversity of biological resources

C) & is an extension of the range of deserts

D) is the process of reclamation (irrigation of desert areas)

By what criterion (ground) resources are divided into categories of "real" and "potential":

A) according to the degree of scrutiny

B) at birth

C) on the basis of depletion and renewable

D) & technical possibilities operation

E) by economic opportunities of recovery.

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Specify where the right is marked effect obtained in the recycling of waste water:

A) reducing fresh water consumption

B) reduces the amount of waste water discharge

C) increases the consumption of fresh water

D) increases the discharge of waste water

E) & reduced consumption of fresh water and the volume of wastewater.

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Specify the industry, which gives the maximum emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere:

A) forest complex

B) & electricity

C) Non-ferrous metallurgy

D) precision engineering

E) pharmaceuticals.

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What are the positive effects of hydro:

A) & the changing nature of the river flow

B) waterlogging

C) a change of state of water bodies

D) flooding of settlements

E) changes in the level of groundwater.

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The main sources of pollution of the environment in the energy sector is the sector:

A) & thermal power plants

B) hydroelectric power plants

C) of nuclear power plants

D) of alternative power

E) of wind power plants.

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The most famous Club of Rome report is considered a report entitled:

A) survival strategy

B) & limits to growth

C) the future of the world economy

D) energy: the return expense

E) the purpose for mankind.

Specify the type of responsibility, which is provided for non-compliance of standards, norms and other quality standards of environmental protection:

A) & administrative

B) disciplinary

C) criminal

D) material

E) all of the above.

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The concept of a rental valuation of natural resources based on the theory:

A) being free of natural resources

B) infinity of natural resources

C) & differential rent

D) the cost approach

E) results-based approach.

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Land rent can be set:

A) only in cash

B) only in-kind

C) in the form of private

D) & in cash and in kind

E) in the form of deductions from profits.

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The totality of the natural conditions of human society is called:

A) & nature

B) the natural environment

C) the geographical environment

D) environment

E) quasi-natural environment.

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Pre-discovered resources with an approximate determination of the boundaries of designated deposits:

A) A

B) & B

C) C2

D) a C1

E) A, B, C1.

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Resources, having a broad export value and providing the main inflow of foreign exchange earnings - is:

A) & oil, gas, diamonds, gold

B) mineral construction materials

C) resources of strategic importance (uranium, etc..)

D) sand, gravel, crushed stone

E) asbestos, peat, shale.

Analogue of the state environmental policy within the boundaries of small territorial units called:

A) international global environmental policy

B) regional environmental policy

C) state ekpolitikoy

D) national environmental policy

E) & local environmental policy.

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By the standards of environmental impact include:

A) & MPE, MPD, NE, BCC

B) MPC, SDA

C) MAC, SDA, PDS, MPE

D) ENE, MPC

E) ARIA, NE, SDA, MPC.

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Types of environmental impact assessment - is:

A) state, international

B) local, regional environmental

C) an international global environmental

D) & State, public environmental

E) National Environment.

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The process of ending the authorities' decision on licensing of the activity:

A) environmental assessment

B) environmental monitoring

C)& EIA

D) State environmental control inspection

E) Public Environmental Expertise

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Definition utility of natural resources, as a contribution to meeting the needs of society through the production and consumption, and its expression in economic terms is called:

A) out an economic evaluation of natural resources

B)& economic evaluation of natural resources

C) differential rent

D) assessment of natural resources

E) technology assessment of natural resources.

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Accounting for direct financial costs for the economic development of back-up power, as well as damage caused by its operation - a method of resource estimation:

A)& costs

B) the direct costs

C) lost benefits

D) the cost of rebuilding

E) « willingness to pay ».

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Differential rent is calculated on the basis of:

A) the cost of resource source

B) transport costs

C) the cost of damage caused by the operation of a resource

D) the value of the resource

E)& marginal costs.

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The magnitude of the damage is greater, the greater the lack of:

A) post costs

B) advertising and publishing activities

C)& before expenses

D) all answers are correct

E) no right answer.

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Landscape degradation, genetic mutations, the disappearance of certain species, and others - have economic damage:

A)& ecosystems

B) material values

C) population

D) Transport

E) Housing and Utilities.

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The environment's ability to perceive various anthropogenic impacts at a given scale without changing its basic properties in the long term, definitely called:

A) a qualitative assessment of the resource

B) rent

C) & carrying capacity

D) differential rent

E) economic evaluation.

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Restructuring of the economy will:

A) & significantly reduce the products and services

B) improve the products and services

C) increase the burden on the environment

D) increase the overall demand for natural resources

E) there is no right answer.

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Modern technological economy is:

A) a closed system

B) nanosistemnoy

C) & open system

D) a closed system

E) low-waste system

The total (absolute) cost-effectiveness of environmental measures defined as the ratio:

A) & full economic impact to the reduced costs of implementing the activities

B) reduced costs of activities to the full economic effect

C) a total economic damage to reduced costs for activities

D) national income to reduced costs for activities

E) there is no answer.

Artificial fertility - it is:

A) & additional fertility

B) natural fertility

C) a set of complementary and natural fertility

D) none of the correct answer

E) all of the answers are correct

Land in the Republic of Kazakhstan is located in:

A) state ownership

B) private property

C) & public and private property

D) none of the correct answer

E) all of the answers are correct.

Person, the right of land use is limited to certain period - called:

A) secondary land

B) & temporary land users

C) public land users

D) state grants

E) basic grants.

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How is the quality of drinking water:

A) taste

B) at the smell

C) by the existing industry standards

D) & by the relevant national standards

E) there is no right answer.

"Wildlife" that exists outside of direct contact with a man called:

A) quasi nature environment

B) & the actual natural environment

C) art nature environment

D) the natural environment

E) nature.

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