In Niemann-Pick`s disease the following substances accumulate in cns in excess levels:

A. Lysophosphingosides

B. Triacylglycerols

C. Cholesterol esters

D. Phosphoinositides

*E. Sphingomyelins

The analysis of the blood of the patient has revealed the considerable growth of VLDL and autoimmune LDL levels. Specify the pathology that can be in the patient:

A. Acromegaly

B. Viral hepatitis

*C. Atherosclerosis

D. Phenylketonuria

E. Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is found in conjugation with bile acids:

A. Pregnenolone

B. Hydrochloric acid

C. Cholyl acetyl-CoA

*D. Glycine

E. Cholic acid

Find out pathological state associated with hypercholesterolemia in patient:

A. Hypothyroidism

B. Nephritic syndrome

C. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

*D. All the answers are right

E. Cholestasis

Point out the drug used for the decrease of cholesterol level in the blood of patients - allosteric inhibitor for key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis:

A. Barbiturate

*B. Lovastatin

C. Antimicin A

D. Aspirin

E. Indomethacin

Choose the factor that can cause the 7-dehydrocholesterol conversion into vitamin D3 (in skin, only):

A. Hydroxylase action

B. The accumulation of cholesterol

C. Low levels of oxygen in the blood

*D. UV-light

E. Cytochrome P450

Choose the value of Cholesterol (LDL) + Cholesterol (VLDL)/ Cholesterol(HDL) ratio which is peculiar to healthy people:

A. 0.5-1.0

*B. 2.0-2.5

C. 8.0-10.0

D. 6.0-8.0

E. 4.0-6.0

The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:

A. Amines

B. Monosaccharides

*C. Ketone bodies

D. Cholesterol esters

E. High fatty acids

Cholesterol is the precursor for synthesis of all pointed below hormones except:

A. Cortisol

*B. Insulin

C. Aldosterone

D. Testosterone

E. Progesterone

Point out the hormone that decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue:

A. Somatotropin

B. Glucagon

*C. Insulin

D. Epinephrine

E. ACTH

The inhibition of one liver enzyme in cholesterol synthesis was after surplus intake of fat meat. Name this enzyme:

A. Acetyl - CoA- acetyl transferase

B. Mevalonate kinase

C. Squalene oxygenase

D. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase

*E. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase

A 67-year old male patient consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and fatty meal. Blood test results: cholesterol – 12,3 mmol/l, total lipids – 8,2 g/l, increased low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL). What type of hyperlipoproteinemia is observed in the patient?

A. Cholesterol, hyperlipoproteinemia

B. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb

C. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV

D. Hyperlipoproteinemia type I

*E. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa

Point out the atherogenic lipoproteins:

*A. Low density lipoproteins

B. Fatty acid-albumins complex

C. Nascent chylomicrones

D. Remnant chylomicrones

E. High density lipoproteins

Which of the following statements explains correctly metabolic alterations that are specific for persons disposed to obesity beside people having standart weight?

A. Rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation is much less

*B. There is any genetic defect in leptin

C. Calorie intake is much less

D. Rate of Krebs cycle reactions is higher

E. Coupling of respiration with oxidative phosphorylation is much more

Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?

A. Gout

*B. Tay-Sachs disease

C. Wilson disease

D. Galactosemia

E. Phenylketonuria

All hereinafter stated compounds are products of cholesterol catabolic conversion except one. Choose it:

A. Mineralocorticoids

*B. Glucuronic acid

C. Glucocorticoids

D. Chenodeoxycholic acid

E. Cholic acid

What plasma lipoproteins, whose levels rise, are inversely correlated with atherosclerosis? :

A. Fatty acid-albumins complex

B. Remnant chylomicrones

*C. Low density lipoproteins

D. High density lipoproteins

E. Nascent chylomicrones

The rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis is:

A. HMG-CoA synthetase

B. HMG-Co-A reductase

*C. 7-Alpha hydroxylase

D. 7-Beta hydroxylase

E. Decarboxylase

One of the factors that cause obesity is the inhibition of fatty acids oxidation due to:

A. Excessive consumption of fatty foods

*B. Low level of carnitine

C. Impaired phospholipids synthesis

D. Lack of carbohydrates in the diet

E. Choline deficiency

Find out the coenzyme used in some reactions of cholesterol synthesis:

*A. NADPH

B. NADH

C. FAD

D. Biotin

E. Pyridoxal phosphate

The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol takes place:

A. It is not synthesized in mammals

B. In the intestine from cholecalciferol

*C. In the kidney from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

D. In the skin under action of ultraviolet light from 7-dehydrocholesterol

E. In the liver from cholecalciferol

The enzyme system for cholesterol biosynthesis is located in the:

A. Cytosol and mitochodrial membrane

*B. Cytosol and EPR (smooth part)

C. Golgi apparatus

D. Plasma membrane

E. Mitochodrial matrix

All of the following statements regarding hypercholesterolemia (type IIa hyperlipidemia) are correct except:

A. The blood serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are high

B. It is due to a deficiency of LDL receptors

C. There is an increased risk of coronary artery disease

*D. The blood serum triacylglycerol levels are elevated

E. The blood serum cholesterol levels are increased

Which statement is not associated with situation of fat deposition?

A. Blood free fatty acid levels are elevated

B. Insulin secretion is increased

C. Lipoprotein lipase activity is increased

*D. Hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase activity is increased

E. Blood VLDL and chilomicrone levels are elevated

Choose the incorrect statement related to biological role of cholesterol:

A. It is precursor for bile salts

B. It is a structural component of membrane

C. It is precursor for glucocorticoids

D. It is precursor for sex hormones

E. It is an energy source for cells

Find out the vitamin derivative that is synthesized from cholesterol in humans:

A. Progesterone

B. Cholesterol ester

C. Testosterone

*D. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

E. Estradiol

The main chemical compounds for cholesterol synthesis are:

A. Malonyl CoA, NADPH, ATP

B. Acetyl CoA, GTP, pantothenate

*C. Acetyl CoA, NADPH, ATP

D. Glycerol, phosphate, choline

E. Acyl CoA, carnitine, ATP

The liver is major site of cholesterol biosynthesis, although other tissues are also active in this regard. The terminal products of cholesterol catabolism in the liver play the important role during lipids intake in human organism Point out these products:

*A. Bile acids

B. Corticosteroids

C. Catecholamines

D. Cholanic acid

E. Acetyl - SCoA

Liebermann-Burchardt reaction is used for the identification of :

A. Glucose

*B. Cholesterol

C. Urea

D. Prostaglandins

E. Galactose

Choose the key metabolite that combines carbohydrates catabolic pathways with anabolic processes in lipids metabolism:

*A. Acetyl~SCoA

B. Alanine

C. Serine

D. Mevalonate

E. Pyruvate

A 12-year old patient was found to have blood serum cholesterol at the rate of 25 mmol/l. The boy has a history of hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia, which is caused by the impaired synthesis of the following protein receptors to:

A. High density lipoproteins

B. Chylomicrons

C. Very low density lipoproteins

*D. Low density lipoproteins

E. Intermediate density lipoproteins

A patient underwent a course of treatment for atherosclerosis. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the anti-atherogenic lipoprotein fraction in the blood plasma. The treatment efficacy is confirmed by the increase in:

A. Chylomicrons

B. VLDL

C. LDL

D. IDL

*E. HDL

The best marker for dislipidemia is:

A. Serum cholesterol

B. Cholesterol/HDL

C. Cholesterol/TG

D. Blood cholesterol

*E. LDL/HDL

Gaucher`s disease is due to the accumulation of:

A. Sphingomyelin

B. Glucose

C. Galactose

*D. Glucocerebroside

E. Triacylglycerol

The conversion of cholesterol catalyzed by 7alpha-hydroxylase is inhibited by:

*A. Bile acids

B. Testosterone

C. Glycine and taurine

D. Calcitriol

E. Cortisol

One of the following is scavenger of cholesterol from tissue and prevents atherosclerosis:

A. Chylomicrons

B. Carnitine

*C. HDL

D. VLDL

E. LDL

Which of the following descriptions related to serotonin pathway isn’t correct?

A. The largest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the intestinal cells

B. Serotonin synthesis lowering in the brain causes depression

*C. The second enzyme of the pathway is biotin-dependent aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

D. The first enzyme of the pathway is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase

E. Serotonin is synthesized from thyptophan

An inhibitory mediator is formed by the decarboxylation of glutamate in the CNS. Name it:

A. Glutathione

B. Asparagine

C. Serotonine

D. Histamine

*E. GABA

The tested enzyme is related to the class of oxidoreductases and contains the coenzyme NADPH. It takes part in the oxidative deamination of one of the amino acids and in the reductive amination of alpha–ketoglutarate. Point out it:

A. D-Alanine oxidase

B. Alanine transaminase

*C. Glutamate dehydrogenase

D. Aspartate transaminase

E. Arginase

Choose the enzyme of the blood plasma whose activity increases in ten or more times for 3-4 hours after myocardium infarction:

A. Alkaline phoshatase

B. Alanine transaminase

C. Leucine aminopeptidase

D. Aspartate transaminase

E. Arginase

Direct deamination is possible for two amino acids due to dehydratases (because of those amino acids side chain hydroxyl group is a good leaving group). Point out the amino acids:

A. Glutamate, aspartate

B. Cysteine, methionine

C. Phenylalanine, tyrosine

*D. Serine, threonine

E. Arginine, histidine

Utilization of amino acids from the body pool is possible in all following ways except one. Choose it:

A. Biogenic amine formation

B. Glucose and ketone bodies synthesis

*C. Pyridoxal phosphate synthesis

D. Purines production

E. Porphyrins production

D-amino acid oxidase is important for the convertion of unnatural (for human body but regularly taken in the diet from plants) D—amino acids to L-amino acids. What prosthetic group is non-protein part of the enzyme?

*A. FAD

B. Pyridoxal phosphate

C. NADH

D. NADPH

E. TPP

The coenzyme that participates in transamination reaction is:

A. NADPH

B. Coenzyme Q

C. Coenzyme A

*D. Pyridoxal phosphate

E. Thiamine pyrophosphate

Point out the liver enzyme, which takes part in second step of transdeamination of amino acid:

A. L-Alanine oxidase

B. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

C. Tryptophan hydroxylase

D. Glutamate decarboxylase

*E. Glutamate dehydrogenase

The most important enzyme involved in oxidative deamination is:

*A. Glutamate dehydrogenase

B. Histidase

C. Amino acid dehydrase

D. L-amino acid oxidase

E. D-amino acid oxidase

The carbon skeletons of amino acids finally have one or more of the following fates except:

*A. Synthesis of urea

B. Synthesis of glucose

C. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids

D. Formation of fatty acid and ketone bodies

E. Oxidation via Krebs cycle to produce energy

Which of the following statements related to biological role of transamination is wrong?

A. Collection finally nitrogen in glutamate for subsequent deamination and urea synthesis

B. Production of non-essential amino acids

C. Redistribution of amino groups

D. Divergence the excess amino acids towards energy generation

*E. Formation of biogenic amines

Point out the vitamin, whose deficiency causes the violations in the transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids:

A. Vitamin B₉

B. Vitamin B₁

*C. Vitamin B₆

D. Vitamin B₂

E. Vitamin C

Which of the following coenzymes serves as a non-protein part of amino acid decarboxylase?

A. Coenzyme A

B. NADPH

C. Biotin

D. NADH

*E. Pyridoxal phosphate

Which of the following descriptions related to serotonin pathway isn’t correct?

A. The first enzyme of the pathway is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase

B. The second enzyme of the pathway is pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

C. The largest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the intestinal cells

D. Serotonin synthesis lowering in the brain causes depression

*E. Serotonin is synthesized from tyrosine

Glutamate decarboxylation results in the formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:

A. Glutathione

B. Serotonin

C. Histamine

*D. Gamma amino butyric acid

E. Asparagine

The entry point into the citric acid cycle for isoleucine, valine, and the product of odd-chain fatty acids beta-oxidation is:

A. Oxaloacetate

B. Pyruvate

C. Fumarate

D. Citrate

*E. Succinyl CoA