I. How to get there (an American Visa)

In order to travel to the USA you need an American visa. An application form for an ordinary tourist visa can be obtained from a travel agent, at least in Britain. Instructions for filling it out are given with each form, as is the address to which the completed form should be sent. Note that you need a form for each person, including children.

Once you have completed the form, you or your travel agent-travel agents can often do it quicker – will then have to send it to the United States Embassy, together with your passport, a passport-sized photograph, a stamped addressed envelope, and "evidence" that you intend to return to your native land. A note explaining that you have a job/house/family/dog to come back to will usually do. You may also have to swear that your uncle is not a communist (It doesn't matter if he is – just swear that he isn't).

It may take up to four weeks to get the visa, though sometimes it can be much quicker or slower than that. If you are to a hurry, it is possible in Britain to go to the United States Embassy and line up. This process is tedious and may take hours, but it is quicker than four weeks.

A tourist visa is normally valid indefinitely. This is true even after your passport has expired – you can then gain admittance to the USA by taking both your new, valid passport and the expired one containing the visa.

II. Red tape (a British Visa)

Most people, tourists and business travelers alike will encounter little red tape in being admitted to England. Citizens of countries in the EEC (European Economic Community, also called the EC and the Common Market) need only proof of nationality, while citizens of most other countries need only a valid passport. Most tourists are automatically granted a six-month stay.

If you want to stay in England for a longer period (to study or work, for example), you need a visa and have to show that you have enough money to support yourself during that time. Work permits for most jobs are difficult to get: you need to have professional qualifications or a high degree of skill or experience and must prove that no one in Britain or the EC can fill the position. You do not need a work permit, however, if you can prove that one of your grandparents or parents was born in Britain. Note that a student visa or work permit does not give you the right to residency after your course or job is finished. Long-stay visa holders must register with the local police on arrival (except for some Commonwealth citizens).

UNIT 16

LETTER WRITING

New Words:

layout – план, расположение private – частный, личный

heading – заглавие addressee – адресат

subject – тема signature – подпись

s alutation – приветствие address – адрес

greeting body – основная часть

position – должность to arrange – организовывать

to make-up – составлять to abbreviate – сокращать

initial – инициал abbreviation – сокращение

inside – внутренний reference – (зд.) рекомендация

comma – запятая to enclose – вкладывать

manner – способ enclosure – приложение

specific – определенный, конкретный sender – отправитель

space – (зд.) интервал step – (зд.) отступ

relation – отношение block – блок

flush – уровень, край recipient – (зд.) получатель

margin – поле paragraph – абзац

exclamation mark – восклицательный знак to indent – делать абзац

brief – краткий patterns – образец

concise – сжатый sheet – лист (бумаги)

courteous [´kǝ:tǝs] – вежливый formal – официальный

to align – выравнивать on behalf – от лица

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

MAKE-UP OF THE LETTER

A neatly arranged letter will certainly make a better impression on the reader. The layout of business and private letters is more or less common in all countries.

There are thirteen parts in a letter:

1) the heading (i.e. the sender's address);

2) the date;

3) the inside address (i.e. the recipient's name and address);

4) attention line;

5) the opening;

6) the subject of the letter;

7) the body of the letter;

8) the closing salutation;

9) the sender’s company name (not obligatory);

10) the signature;

11) reference initials;

12) the word ‘Enclosure’ if there is any;

13) the person’s name to whom a copy is sent.

THE HEADING

The letterhead of an institution, organization; firm, etc. is usually printed. If there is no printed letterhead, the typed heading should be arranged neatly on the top right-hand side of the page. The address is typed in full to ensure correct delivery of a reply. The heading provides all necessary information: the name and address of the institution, organization, firm, etc. or the name, position, title and address of the sender, the telephone, fax numbers and the telegraphic address or any other details that may be required such as, numbers, codes, etc.

The words street, road or avenue may be abbreviated: St. (Str.), Rd., Ave.: West St., Highland Rd., Charles Ave.

If the street has a number, it must be written out, i.e. 24 Second Ave or 135 Fifty-fourth Str., but 24 W. 18th St. (because "W." separates the two figures).

Each line in the address should be set off by a comma, although this is not always observed, especially in the USA. If the letter is sent to the USA, it is necessary to put a comma between the city and the state.

THE DATE

Careful attention should be given to the manner of writing the date at the heading and in the body of the letter.

The date is placed under the heading of the sender's address, usually one or two spaces lower, with relation to the sender's address.

The date at the head of the letter is written in the following way: 12th March, 2012, or March 12th, 2012, or 12 March, 2012.

Образец оформления письма:

FLANAGAN’S DEPARTMENT STORE 12207 Sunset Strip Los Angeles, California 91417 2) June 7, 2011 Ketchum Collection Agency 3) 1267 Hollywood Boulevard Los Angeles, California 91401 4) ATTENTION: MS. TERRY ROBERTS 5) Gentlemen: 6) Subject: Mr. Gary Daniels, Account #69 112 003 We would like to turn over to your services the account of Mr. Gary Daniels, 4441 Natick Avenue, Sherman Oaks, California 91418. The balance on Mr. Daniels' account, $829.95, is now 120 days past due; and, although we have sent him four statements and five letters, we have been unable to collect his debt. 7) Mr. Daniels is employed by West Coast Furniture Showrooms, Inc. He banks at the Natick Avenue branch of Third National City Bank and has been a customer of ours for four years. We have enclosed his file for your reference. We are confident that we can rely on Ketchum as we have in the past. Please let us know if there is any further information with which we can furnish you. 8) Sincerely yours, 9) FLANAGAN'S DEPARTMENT STORE 10) Martha Fayman Credit Manager 11) MF/wg 12) Enclosure 13) cc Mr. Norman Hyman

In the USA the date is written so: March 12, 2012. This style of writing the date is gradually becoming adopted in Great Britain and other countries. Generally, the year should be preceded by a comma, although this is not always observed by the letter-writer. However complete dates are preferable in official and business letters.

Many letter-writers abbreviate the date in such a manner: 3.8.12. This way of writing the date should be excluded because it may lead to confusion, especially in international correspondence. In Great Britain this date is read so: the third of August two thousand twelve; in the. United States – the eighth of March two thousand twelve.

In Great Britain In USA

3 (the day)/8 (the month)/12 (the year) 3 (the month)/8 (the day)/12 (the year)

The numeral figures are written thus: 1st, 21st, 31st; 2nd, 22nd; 3rd, 23rd; 4th, 5th, 6th, etc.

THE INSIDE ADDRESS

The inside address (recipient's address) includes the name, title and full address of the person or group of persons to whom the letter is directed. The inside address is typed in the left-hand part of the letter sheet, two spaces below the date.

In American letters all lines start at the same margin. At any rate it must be remembered that if the sender's address is typed indented the inside address should also be indented; if the sender's address is typed in block style, the inside address should be in the same style. The sender's address is often omitted.

The inside address may be written on the left-hand side, two or three spaces below the signature in the following way (unless it is not a business letter business letter to a firm on the purchase of something):

THE OPENING SALUTATION

The opening salutation or greeting is flush with the left-hand margin under the inside address after leaving a double space.

In Great Britain the opening salutation is followed by a comma (Dear Sir,), in the USA – by a colon (Dear Sir:) and sometimes by a colon and. dash (Gentlemen: –). The opening salutation is never followed by an exclamation mark or by a dash only.

When writing to an institution, organization or business firm the official salutations: Dear Sirs, Messrs (in addressing to a partnership), Dear Madam, Gentlemen (in the USA) are used.

THE BODY OF THE LETTER

The body of the letter is the text itself. Each paragraph should deal with one subject, brief, concise and accurate excluding all matters not relevant to the letter propose, especially if it is a business or an official letter. It is best to avoid too long paragraphs. The style of letter-writing requires certain accepted phrase patterns. The writer must be tactful, courteous sincere, respectful, etc.

The first paragraph usually starts two lines below the salutation: it is either aligned with the salutation, in block-style, the paragraph, being flush with the left-hand margin, without indentation, or it may be in indented style, the first line of each paragraph indented, usually three to six spacing from the margin or immediately below the end of the salutation.

Block-style is generally used in the USA, indented style in Europe and other countries although there is a growing tendency to use the block-style.

Short letters are usually double-spaced (two lines); longer letters – single-spaced (one line) with double spaces between the paragraphs.

Many-paged letters should be numbered; the number is written on the bottom of the sheet, in the middle.

THE CLOSING SALUTATION (SUBSCRIPTION)

It is customary to close a letter with a closing salutation. The closing salutation is separated from the body of the letter by a double space (line) aligned with the date or immediately at the centre of the page. It always begins with a capital letter and is punctuated with a comma. Most commonly-used closing salutations in business and official letters are: Yours truly or Truly yours, Yours faithfully or Faithfully yours.

In letters addressed to a person the following subscriptions are usually used: Yours truly or Truly yours, Yours sincerely or Sincerely yours. Yours truly is a proper closing salutation for impersonal business correspondence and communication. Yours sincerely indicates a spirit of friendliness and informality. It is customary for colleagues, especially among scientists, to write Yours sincerely rather than Yours truly or Yours faithfully.

THE SIGNATURE

The signature is written by hand immediately below the subscription. Formal and business letters require the full signature: the first line – the name of the institution (typed), the second line the writer's name and the third line – the writer's title, scientific degree or position (typed).

Yours sincerely,

The Thompson Institute

(signature)

Director

When the letter is signed on behalf of another, especially an institution, organization or firm it should have the following signature:

Cornwall Publishers

(p.p.* A.B. Smith)

___________________________

*p.p. – pre pro (on behalf of).

In many cases the letter is signed without giving the name of the restitution, organization or firm, since it is already mentioned in the heading;

Yours truly:

(signature)

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

Informal letters to friends, acquaintances are simply signed by the writer without indicating the name of the firm, organization or institution the writer represents or his title, scientific degree or position. The first name can be written in the fuller the initial: Peter B. Chase, I. Smirnov, J. Smith. A woman's signature usually includes the-first name: Nina H. Petrova. If the woman prefers signing without her first name she should write Mrs. or Miss to avoid confusion: Mrs. N. H. Petrova, Miss M. R. Lowell.

SUPPLEMENTS IN OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS LETTERS

The attention line is written two lines below the inside address either on the same vertical or in the middle of the sheet of the paper in order to draw special attention of a particular person for a prompt reply. The attention line should be underlined:

Brown Laboratory Equipment,

15 Haygate Street,

London, N.E. 3,

Great Britain.

Attention: Export Manager

Brown Laboratory Equipment,

15 Haygate Street,

London, N. E. 3,

Great Britain.

For the Attention of Mr. N.M. Smith Export Manager.

The subject line is written two lines below the opening Salutation and in the middle of the sheet of the paper. The wording Subject: or Re: (regarding) is typed before the subject matter and indicates what the letter is about.

The typist's reference, the initials of the writer and of the typist is typed on the same line as the date on the left or on the same line with the signature and is used to enable tracing earlier correspondence on a certain subject.

The writer's initials are separated from the typist's initials by a virgule or a colon:

LA/EB or LA:EB

LA/eb or LA:eb

la/eb or la: eb

The enclosure:

a) Encl: = Enclosure which indicates that attached to this letter there is an insertion, e.g. a document, a paper, etc;

b) CC: = circular correspondence, i.e. corresponding letters were dispatched to other persons. For example, CC: list of names means the letter contains a list of names to which the corresponding circular was sent.

Encl(osure): or CC: is typed in the lower left-hand corner two spaces (lines) below the signature:

ESB/ef Yours truly, Encl: Copy of document, R.S.V.P.

ESB|of Yours truly, CC: list of names E.S. Brown

In letters of official invitations .to 'persons the abbreviations R.S.V.P. (Fr.: Répondez s’il vous plaît ‘Answer, if you please’) is typed mainly in the lower right-hand corner, two spaces (lines) below the body of the invitation.

2. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) We thank you for your letter dated the 29th September and are pleased to send you our latest catalogue and the current price list. We shall send you a special offer as soon as we have your exact requirements.

2) George Finchley & Sons,

68 Bond Street, London 4 October 2003

3) Yours faithfully,

____________

Sally Blinton Sales Manager

4) Dear Sirs,

5) Messrs Dickson & King,

9 Newgate Street, London

3. Расположите горизонтально следующее деловое письмо:

Inside address: The Middle Atlantic Institute of Technology, 149 Danbury Road, Danbury, Connecticut 50202

Attention line: Attention Dean Claude Monet

Dateline: July 9, 2012

The sender’s address: National organization of Retired Persons, Freeport High School, Freeport, Vermont 66622

Subject line: Educational Exchange

Salutation: Dear Sirs

Body: The Commission for Educational Exchange between the United States and Belgium has advised me to contact you in order to obtain employment assistance.

I received my Doctor’s Degree with a “grade distinction” from the University of Brussels and would like to teach French (my mother tongue), English, Dutch, or German.

My dissertation on James Joyce, but I am also qualified to teach languages to business students. I have been active in the field applied linguistics for the past two years at the University of Brussels.

Signer’s Identification: Jacqueline Brauer

Complementary Closing: Respectfully yours

Reference Initials: JB:db

4. Ниже представлены отрывки из двух писем (письмо-бронирование места в гостинице и письмо-подтверждение), расставьте их в правильном порядке:

1 Yours faithfully Susan Peacock Secretary

2 I look forward to receiving your confirmation.

3 The rooms should be booked in the names of John Brown, Mary Black, Bill Franks and Ann Jones.

4 I would like to reserve four single rooms from 19th to 24* November 2004 for four of our managers.

5 We look forward to receiving our guests.

6 Dear Sir/Madam

7 Thank you for your letter of 16th September 2012. We ace very pleased mat you have chosen to use our hotel for your four managers who will be in Anyton from 19th to 24th November 2004.

8 Could you please inform me of your rates and whether you offer discounts for company bookings?

9 I would like to confirm your reservation for four single rooms for these dates. We are happy to be able to offer you our corporate rates, which you will find in the enclosed leaflet.

10 Yours sincerely Peter Black Reservations Clerk

11 Dear Ms Peacock

5. Перед вами конверт:

Midtec Cables Ltd, Cotton Road, (2) Exeter (3) EX4 9DT, England (4) Mrs I.Ruth (5) Golden Holidays 12 Cambridge Court London (6) WC2H 8HF

Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

A) the ZIP Code in the return address B) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

C) the addressee D) the addressee’s company name

E) the sender F) the town the letter comes from

Content

UNIT 1. Modes of Address……………………….…………....	..4
UNIT 2. Introducing People ………………….…………….…	..9
UNIT 3. Telephone conversations.……….…………….……...	.13
UNIT 4. A place to Live…………………….…………….…...	.19
UNIT 5. Public Transportation ….…………………………….	.28
UNIT 6. At the Hotel...………………………………………...	.36
UNIT 7. In the Bank ……………………………..……………	44
UNIT 8 Job Hunting …………………………………………...	.50
UNIT 9. Travelling by Air …………………………….……….	.59
UNIT 10. Customs………….……………….…………………	.66
UNIT 11. Letter Writing ……………………………………….	.75
UNIT 15. Библиографический список……………………….	.85

Библиографический список

1. Иващенко И.А. Учебник разговорного американского языка. США: Работа и путешествие = «Work & Travel» in the USA / И.А. Иващенко. – Москва: АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2007. – 155 с.

2. Гасина А.А. Разговорный английский для начинающих. / А.А. Гасина. - 4-е изд.- Москва: Айрис-пресс, 2006. – 288 с.

3. Ермолаева М.Е. Английский язык в диалогах: учеб. пособие. / М.Е. Ермолаева. – Москва: ТК Велби, Проспект, 2006. – 136 с.

4. Градская Т.В. Английский язык. Travelling abroad = Путешествие за рубеж: учеб. пособие / Т.В. Градская, В.В. Сюбаева. – Москва: АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2007. – 188 с.

5. Ступин Л.П. I can speak English. Пособие по разговорному английскому языку. / Л.П. Ступин, С.В. Воронин 3-е изд. – Москва: Международные отношения, 1980. – 168 с.

Учебно-методическое издание

Радченко Елена Николаевна

SPOKEN AND BUSINESS ENGLISH

Учебное пособие

Редактор

Сдано в производство

Форм. бум. 60х84 1\16 Бум. тип. № 2

Печать офсетная Гарнитура литературная

Уч.-изд. л. Усл. печ. л. 5,0

Тираж 50 Заказ №

Забайкальский государственный университет 672039, Чита, ул. Александро-Заводская, 30

РНиУМЛ ЗабГУ