Topical vocabulary
to aid decision-making көмектесу, шешім қабылдауда жәрдемдесу
fed with economic information экономикалық ақпарат енгізу
total income жалпы, жиынтықты
кіріс
total level of production өндірістің жалпы деңгейі
to deal with an isolated economy оқшауланған экономикаға қатысты болу
to carry on their concerns өз ісін жалғастыру
to provide labour services жұмыс
күшін беру
to receive interest payments төлемдерді өсім (проценттер) түрінде алу
shares акциялар
to be entitled to a share
of the profits пайданың
үлесіне құқылы болу
factor services өндіріс факторлары
the water authorities су
су шаруашылығын басқару
to supply share capital акционерлік капиталды ұсыну
to portray суреттеу, бейнелеп көрсету
a monetary flow ақша ағыны
an opposite stream қарама-қарсы ағын
factor payments өндіріс факторларына шаққандағы табыс
to measure the amount экономикалық белсенділік деңгейін өлшеу
the value of goods тауардың құны
the level of factor earnings өндіріс факторларына шаққандағы табыс
деңгейі
factor services supplied өндірістің ұсынылған факторлары
the value of spending шығындардың көлемі
a neutral equilibrium жалпы тепе-теңдік
the circular flow of income табыстардың шеңберлі айналымы
an inherent tendency to change өзгерістерге деген ішкі үрдіс
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Figure 3. The circular of income
Ex.1. Read and give a short summary of the text.
Ex.2. Suggest the Kazakh equivalents.
forecasting future economic trends; to feed with economic information; factors that firms need to carry on their concerns; to provide labor services; circular flow of money; a flow of factor services; factor payments; neutral equilibrium; set of actions
Ex.3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
1. The model of the economy is concerned with forecasting ___so as to aid
___by business and government.
2. Such predictions are , aid to business decision-making because businesses can find out whether people's incomes ___to rise or not.
3. These units together decide the economy's ____,___and___.
4. In order to develop a simple model of the economy we need to ___the
government sector and ___ between ___ and ___.
5. Suppose we are dealing with___, one which has no government.
6. In order to develop ______ of the economy we need to ___that there are
two main sectors in the economy: __ and____.
7. Households provide___, both___, in return for___.
8. If the finance is in the form of___, households receive , but if they
have purchased ___in the business they may be entitled to___.
9. Households receive payments for ., that is to say, they earn___, such
as ___, ___and___.
10. There are two flows: one which is ___ and one ____ goods and
services.
Ex.4. Answer the questions.
1. What units does the economy comprise? What do they decide?
2. What are the two main sectors in the economy?
3. What sets of actions create the model of the circular flow of income?
4. Dwell on the monetary flow. How is the level of national income connected with it?
5. Dwell on the flow of goods and services.
6. What does the figure suggest?
7. How can the amount of economic activity be measured?
8. What's an equilibrium? a neutral equilibrium?