Topical vocabulary

1. To differ ажырату

2. To release босату

3. Shrine қасиетті орын (жер)

4. Image көшірме

5. Bow and arrows садақ пен жебелер

6. Priest діндар - священник

7. To threw in prison түрмеге отырғызу

8. To be beheaded басын кесу, басын алу

9. A jailer түрмедегі адам

10. To cure емдеу

11. Blindness соқырлық

12. To execute өлім жазасын орындау

13. A farewell letter қоштасу хаты

14. A cell камера

15. Contrary to the law заңға қарсы

16. To burn at the stake отқа өртеу

17. Odd тақ

18. To destine алдын ала

анықтау, тағайындап қою

Ex.1. Read the text and make a comparison with your country’s holidays.

Ex.2. Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers.

1. People in Moslem societies, for example, celebrate the new year by wearing new clothes.

2. Jewish people consider the day holy, and hold a religious ceremony at a meal with special foods.

3. Japanese prepare rice cakes at a social event the week before the new year.

4. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings.

5. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities.

6. Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines.

7. On February 14, the teacher opens the box and distributes the valentines to each student.

8. The message is printed in a special section of the newspaper on February 14.

Ex.3. Suggest the Kazakh equivalents.

throughout history, according to customs, by wearing new clothes, to hold a religious ceremony, to expect a new life, to promise ourselves to do better, everyone believe in the Roman gods, he had performed a miracle, secretly married couples, a lot of thought, in a large decorated box, similar to a mailbox, an acquaintance or even a spouse.

Ex.4. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding words from the texts.

1. (Жаңа жылдың басы) has been welcomed on different dates throughout history.

2. Southeast Asians (құстарды босатады) and turtles to assure themselves (сәттілік) in the twelve months ahead.

3. We wish each other good luck and (барлық жақсысын жасауға өзімізге сөз береміз) in the following year.

4. He (шамасы) the jailer's daughter of her blindness.

5. Another Valentine was an Italian (епископ) who lived at about the same time.

6. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date (тарады (жайылды)) through Europe in the Middle Ages.

7. If the sender is (ұялшақ), valentines can be anonymous.

8. Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, (арналған) for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an (таныс) or even a (жұбайына (зайыбына) of fifty years.

Grammar: Non-finite form of the verb : Participle II.

The form of Participle II is regular verbs by adding –ed or –d to the Infinitive and the past participle of irregular verbs

It uses:

• As an adjective; stolen money

• To form the perfect tenses/infinitives and participles and the passive voice: he has seen, it was broken, to have loved.

• The participle II can replace a subject + passive verb as the participle I can replace subject + active form: She enters. She is accompanied by her mother./ She enters, accompanied by her mother.

Ex.5. Translate the sentences into English. Use the present participle instead of the italicized verbs.

1. Біз оған жазбахат қалдырдық та (қалдырып), саябаққа қыдыруға кеттік. 2. Ол кітапты ашып (ашты да), маған асты сызылған (белгіленген) жерді көрсетті. 3. Ол (она) күлді де, бөлмеден шығып кетті. 4. Ол (она) ауыр күрсінді де, өзіне екінші шыны аяқ кофе құйып алды. 5. Біз чемодандарымызды сақтау камерасында қалдырдық та, бөлме іздеуге кеттік. 6. Ол (она) машинкамен бірдеңені баяу теріп отырды да (басып отырды да), анда-санда менен қайсыбір сөздің қалай жазылатынын сұрап тұрды.

Ex.6. Translate the sentences from English into Kazakh.

1. Informed of the arrival of the ship, they sent a car to the port.2. She showed the travelers the room reserved for them3. Books read in childhood seem like old friends.4. The answer received from her greatly surprised us.5. The figures mentioned in his article were published in “Izvestia”.6. Having left in that town all his life, he knew it very well.

Ex.7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Бұл анамыз жиі айтып беріп тұратын оқиғалардың бірі еді. 2. Ол кемпір айтып берген сол бір мұңлы оқиғаны ұмыта алмады. 3. Күткен (айтылған) көмек келіп болмады 4. Мен екі жыл бұрын конференцияға қатысқан студенттердің бірімен сөйлестім. 5. Ертеректе көлге қарай апарған жол бұл жерде әлдеқашаннан бері жоқ (өтпейді). 6. Маған коридорда (кіреберісте) отырған әйел директорды күтіп отыр деді.

Ex.8. Join each of the following sentences, using either participle I or participle II.

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.2. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.3. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.4. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.5. They found the money. They began quarreling about how to divide it.6. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.7. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.8. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it.9. I didn’t like to sit down. I knew that there were ants in the grass.10. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn’t like to go any further without a light.

UNIT 7.

PROBLEMS OF YOUTH

Text: American youth.

Grammar: Conjunctions.

Практикалық мақсаттар: жастар туралы қосымша ақпаратты меңгеру. Сөйлемдегі жалғаулықтардың қызметімен танысу.

American Youth.

What is it like to be a young person in the United States?

At 18 years of age, young people in the United States can take on most of the rights and the responsibilities of adulthood. Psychologists say that most young people experience conflict during this period of their lives.

To some observers, teens today may seem spoiled (undisciplined and egocentric) compared to those of earlier types. The reality, however, is different. Changing family conditions, mobility of families and unemployment are just a few reasons why some young people try to escape reality by turning to alcohol or drugs. However, most young people in the United States do not have problems with drinking, drug abuse, teen pregnancies or juvenile delinquency. Drug use has decreased among young people within the last 10 years, though alcohol abuse has increased.

Many young Americans are joining organizations to help teenagers stop drinking and driving. 1000 of teenagers have joined Students Against Driving Drunk (SADD). They sign contracts in which they and their parents pledge not to drive after drinking. Young people with drug problems can also call special telephone numbers to ask for help.

Aside from drug abuse, another problem of America’s youth is pregnancy among young women. The numbers of sexually active teens also increased. Many community programs help cut down on the numbers of teenage pregnancies. Some programs rely on strong counseling against premarital sex and others provide contraceptive counseling.

About one million young people run away from home each year. Most return after a few days or a few weeks, but a few turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents. In 1989, approximately one-third on those arrested for serious crimes were under 18 years of age. Among the causes are poor family relationships, bad neighborhood conditions, peer pressure and sometimes, drug addiction.

Laws vary from state to state regarding juvenile delinquents. Once arrested, a juvenile must appear in a juvenile court. Juvenile courts often give lighter punishments to young people than to adults who commit the same crime.