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65. Tell about the main responsibilities of the consular service.

• The issue of passports: in most countries a special agency or a branch of the interior ministry handles this; in some countries the MFA is responsible.

• Consular network oversight: this is handled mainly by the foreign ministry, via its consular affairs department, to ensure that the consular services are delivered by the overseas posts to required standards and in uniform fashion.

• Issuing travel advisories: with the spread of mass travel, and volatility of international crisis, this has become a major activity for MFAs, to monitor the situation in foreign countries in terms of safety and security and to post cautionary advisories on websites and via call centers. Such inquiries account for a high percentage of traffic to foreign ministry websites.

• Some countries now invite citizens traveling abroad to register with the MFA as a precaution.

• Diaspora policy: this has emerged as an important activity; some countries have a separate ministry or department for this purpose, while others handle this from within the MFA (see Chapter 5).

• Emergency response to external crisis affecting home citizens has become a new concern, mainly coordinated by the foreign ministry.

Embassies and consulates are the delivery agents of many consular services described above, including the issue of visas, handling this together with the other diplomacy tasks. Their work includes the following:

• Policy advice: from the field, they are expected to provide reports on issues as these develop and offer suggestions on the actions recommended at a national level.

• Contact with citizens and the Diaspora: regular contact with compatriots residing abroad, and now increasingly with noncitizens who have ties of kinship and blood, is more important than ever before. For an embassy this is a mainstream task, personally engaging the ambassador and his team.

• Registration of citizens: residents abroad are routinely urged to register with the nearest consular office, and rather few of them do so. In the wake of natural and manmade crisis of recent years, this has become more important than before.

• Emergency assistance: this is delivered to individuals, groups, and to entire overseas communities, depending on the nature of problems encountered. In emergency

66. Give a definition to the 'consular service'.

Consular diplomacy is the “citizen service” end of diplomacy. It deals directly with ordinary people, not the privileged entities such as the ministries, official agencies of foreign governments, or people holding high appointments.

Consularservice, organized body of public officersmaintained by a government in the important ports and tradecenters of foreign countries to protect the persons and interestsof its nationals and to aid them in every possible way.

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