- •17. Social paradigm, social life and social-cultural characteristics of a political actor
- •18. The paradigms of conflict and consensus.
- •23)Al-farabi about illusive and false happiness
- •46. The three-world typology.
- •47. Western Polyarchies And their typical features.
- •48 Post-communist regims and their features.
- •49. The similar characteristics of East Asian regions.
- •50. Islamic regimes and the rise of Islam as a political force
- •51. The key features of a military regime
- •52. Democracy. Its concepts and meanings
- •53.The people, group and individual in the conceptions of democracy.
- •54. Realization of power. The conceptions of direct and representative democracy.
- •55.Distinctive features of modern democracy. Parliamentarism.
- •56. Developing democracies in post-communist countries
- •57. Democratic values in the West and East: problems and perspectives
- •58. Basic actors of political relations
- •59. Social Stratification
- •60. The main conceptions of the Political elite
- •63 Reasons of origin of the state and two global stages in its development.
- •64) The forms of government in the state.
- •67. The institution of referendum and its role in democratic state
- •68. The legal and social(welfare) states, civil society (Правовые и социальные государства,гражданского общества
- •71. The main roles, fulfilled by state
- •72. Political culture, its place and role in in modern society.
- •73. Subcultures and their influence on the development of political culture.
- •74. Traditions and customs as the language of culture .Their rple in politics
- •82) Varieties of nationalism in western political science
- •84. Foreign Policy in the Traditional Society (slavery, feudalism):
- •86. The Vienna congress and the “European Concert”
- •87. The Versailles-Washington System
- •88. Main conceptions of international relations
- •89. Globalization: its concepts, reasons, positive and negative sides
- •90 Билет
51. The key features of a military regime
A military regime is a system of government in which the military holds the power. Such systems may be ruled by either a single individual or a small group.
A military regime, or military rule, is a dictatorship or a junta. Such systems of government are different from democratic systems, in which the people elect their leaders. Military regimes are often taken-over by the previous overthrown organization of government. Instead of new leaders being installed through a voting process as occurs in democratic situations, either a single person or small committee becomes the leader of government. Examples of military regimes include various African, Latin American and Middle Eastern nations.
The features of a military regime are as follows: 1-Suspension of constitution 2- Ruling by decree 3- Dissolution of parliament 4- Formulation of a ruling council 5- Dissolution of the cabinet
52. Democracy. Its concepts and meanings
meanings
As it is known , democracy from Greek “as power of the people” ( this term consist of 2 words: “demos” as people, “cratos” as domination)
The modern etymological meanings of the term democracy:
It is used in the sense of characteristics of estate type and of a political system as a whole
It is understood as a form of structure of any organization
It is considered as the ideal of a social system which is based on a certain system of values and also Weltanschauung which corresponds it.
Democracy as a certain social movement which transforms into the goals of peoples’ activity.
Lincoln. Democracy – is government of the people, by the people and for the people.
conceptions
All conceptions of democracy can be divided into 3 groups. This division determines who has the priority in the realization of power, individual, social group or the people as a whole community.
These groups are:
Individualistic (liberal)
Pluralistic (theories of groups)
Collectivistic (totalitarian theories)
Liberal theories:
The idea of individual autonomy and its primacy concerning the people; they distinguish an individual from the society and state. The pay attention to the creation of the institutional and other guarantees for individual which prevent any suppression of an individual by power
The common feature of the collectivistic theories of democracy are as follows
Negation of individual authority
Primacy of the people in the realization of power and making decisions
The homogeneity of people according to their structures
Absoluteness of the majority’s power of the minority including individual
Pluralistic conceptions:
The develop the idea of taking an interest of group; struggle for power and its realization: according to this conception , neither the individuals .. the people are the main sources of politics in democratic state. Only the group gives the opportunity of political expression his interest.
All democratic theories can be also divided into 2 groups direct and representative conceptions. This division can be realized on the base of the some factors. It depends on who will realize the power and what are the forms of democracy.
The conceptions of direct 2.democracy tell us that: (возможно не надо)
Both the state power and people must be identical
Only the people must directly participate in making the most important political decisions and realization of power.
Representative bodies must be under the control of citizens
1.Representative democracy assumes the comprehension of democracy as a competent and representative administration responsible for the people (Ancient, Greece,Novgorod)