46. The three-world typology.

Classical system of classification of the World states before the period of collapse of USSR

1. Capitalistic “First world”.  The term "First World" refers to so called developed, capitalist, industrial countries, roughly, a bloc of countries aligned with the United States after World War II, with more or less common political and economic interests

2. Communist “Second world” refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states, (formerly the Eastern bloc, the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic)

3. Developing “Third world” are all the other countries, today often used to roughly describe the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. The term Third World includes as well capitalist (e.g., Venezuela) and communist (e.g., North Korea) countries, as very rich (e.g., Saudi Arabia) and very poor (e.g., Mali) countries.

47. Western Polyarchies And their typical features.

Polyarchy("rule by many") is a regime type, that can be from all non-democratic systems and from small-? democratic ones based on classical or model of direct participation.

Western polyarchies are broadly equivalent to regimes categorized as "liberal democracies" or even simply "democracies". Their heartlands are therefore North America, Western Europe and Australasia.

Polyarchial regimes are distinguished by the combination of two general features:

1. There is a relatively high tolerance of opposition that is sufficient at least to check the arbitrary inclinations of government. This is guaranteed in practice by a competitive party system, by institutionally guaranteed and protected civil liberties, and by a vigorous and healthy civil society.

2.The opportunities for participating in politics should be sufficiently widespread to guarantee a reliable level of popular responsiveness. The crucial factor here is the existence of regular and competitive elections operating as a device through which people can control and, if necessary, displace their rulers.

48 Post-communist regims and their features.

A POST-COMMUNISM is denotation of specific period in history of former socialistic countries, related to the transition from the socialistic (communist) model of development to society leaning against principles of market economy.

Under influence of the enumerated tendencies in the post-soviet states the political modes of both traditional character with authoritarian lines and democratic orientation are formed with the obvious raid of the soviet past

Feature of post-communist democracy in the former USSR, substantially distinguishing her from analogical democracies in the countries of Eastern Europe, consists in that her forming began yet at communist power and on to her initiative: this power went against own nature, assuming free elections

Русский вариант

Билет 48 посткоммунистических режимов и их особенности.

ПОСТКОММУНИЗМ - обозначение специфического периода в истории бывших социалистических стран, связанного с переходом от социалистической (коммунистической) модели развития к обществу, опирающемуся на принципы рыночной экономики

Под влиянием перечисленных тенденций в постсоветских государствах политические режимы как традиционный характер с авторитарными линий и демократической ориентации формируются с явным рейда советского прошлого

Особенностью посткоммунистического демократии в странах бывшего СССР, в значительной отличающей ее от аналогичных демократий в странах Восточной Европы, состоит в том, что ее формования начал еще в коммунистической власти и к ее инициативе: эта власть пошла против собственной природы, полагая, свободные выборы