Indirectstatementsareintroduced

BY"SAID",INDIRECTQUESTIONSBY"ASKED",INDIRECTCOMMANDSBY"TOLD",ETC.

Direct Command(negative) IndirectCommand(negative)

Teacher(tohisclass): Theteachertoldhis class"Don'twasteyourtime". nottowastetheirtime.

Andrew'sfathersaid: Andrew'sfathertoldhim"Don'tclimbthattreeinyournottoclimbthattreeinhisnewtrousers". newtrousers.

HHor,n;arroBeJIMTeJI1>Hoe HaKJioHeHMerJiaroJiaBhiproK:aeTcKopeerrpoc1>6y,qeMrrp11Ka3.KoHCTPYKIJ:HH)],JUIrrpoc1>61>1Ta2Ke,qToIf)],JUIrrpHKa3a,3aHCKJIIOqeHHeMToro,qToBKOCBeH­HOH peq11oHaBBO,D;MTCHcJioBaMHasked,requested11T.rr.Ha­rrpMMep:

DirectRequest

Mother(toAndrew):"Pleasedon'teatallthecake".

Farmer(tovisitors):"Pleasedon'tleavethegateopen".

Frieda(toJan):"Passmethesugar,please".

IndirectRequest

MotheraskedAndrewnottoeatallthecake.

Thefarmerasked(requested)thevisitorsnottoleavethegateopen.

Friedaasked(requested)Jantopassherthesugar.

Priestley;

Frieda:Thank you,Mr.^***

Ihaveunderstoodyour

explanationofdirectandindirectspeech;buttherewasonewordthatyouused-Iwroteitdown-I'mnotquitesureofitsmeaning.Itwas"contradict".

Mr.Priest1ey:Itsgeneralmeaningis"tosaytheoppo­site";"todeclarethatathingjustsaidisnottrue".SoifOlafsaid:

"Thesunrisesinthewest".

Pedromightsay:"I'msorrytocontradictyou,Olaf,butthesunrisesintheeast".WhenIsaid"will"and"shall"areusedtoexpressanideainthefuture,andthenadded,"thepastformof'will'is'would'andof'shall'is'should"',thatlookedlikeacontradiction.Isthemeaningquiteclearnow?

Frieda:Ohyes,thankyou.

Hob:IthinkadrinkthatanEnglishmanhasoughttobecalled"Contradiction".

Pedro:Whateverdoyoumean?

Hob:Well,hewantsastrongdrink,sohechooseswhiskey;thenheaddswatertomakeitweak.Heputsinlemontomakeitsour,andthenaddssugartomakeitsweet.Heholdsuphisglassandsaystohisfriend,"Here'stoyou";andthen hedrinksithimself!

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. Ilpeo6pa3yiiTenpeAJIOlKenuBu3Koceeuuoupe11uenpBMYJO,ue3a­OhIBaBnpoKaBhI'IKHueonpocuTeJihHhIH3HaK:

   1. Mr. PriestleyaskedHobhowmuchlongerhewouldtakeovertheexercise.

2. Hobaskedifitwaslunch-timeyet.

3. MargaretaskedwhereSallyhadgone.

4. Andrewsaidhehadseenherinthegarden.

5. Mrs.PriestleyaskedOlafhowhisneighbour,Mr.Wiggins,wasgettingon.

6. FriedaaskedhowmuchLucille'snewskirthadcost.

7. AndrewaskedLilianif shewasgoingoutshopping.

2. Margaretaskedifshecouldgoforaswim.

3. Mrs.Priestleyaskedthebutcherwhatthepriceofthebeefwas.

4. Olafaskedthestation-masterifheshouldcatchthetrainfromVictoriatogettoBrighton.

5. Andrewaskedifhemighthavesomemorechocolate.

6. LiliantoldAndrewnottoeatitall.

7. Theteachertoldtheclasstopayattention.

8. Hetoldthemnottogoontalking.

9. Theofficerorderedthesoldierstostayinthewoods.

10. FriedainvitedJantocomeandspendaholidayinSwit-zerland.

11. Mr.WigginstoldTimothytopassupthepaint.

12. GrandmatoldMr.Wigginsnottousethatcolour.

13. Mr.WigginsaskedOlafifhelikedthecolour.

14. Olafsaidthathethoughtitwasverynice.

2. IlepeBeAUTeBKOCBeuuyrope'lh:

   1. Andrew:"Howmuchisthatdoginthewindow?"

   2. Pedro:"WhenareyouleavingEngland,Olaf?"

   3. Lucille:"HowshallIgettothedanceintime?"

   4. Mr.PriestleytoHob:"CanyoudotheexerciseonIndirectQuestions?"

   5. Hob:"ShallItryit?"

   6. OlaftoJan:"Comeforabicycleridewithmenextweek­end".

   7. Mrs.Priestleytothe jeweller: "Whenwillmywatchberepaired?"

   8. Mrs.Wiggins:"Don'tmakesuchafuss,James".

   9. Grandpa:"You'renotholdingthebrushright,James".

   10. Theteachersaidtotheclass,"Youmustworkharder".

   11. Mr.Priestleysaidtome,"HaveyoueverbeentoVenice?"

   12. Mrs.Wiggins:"DidyouhearwhatGrandpasaid,James?"

   13. AndrewsaidtoJock:"Don'tgoaway".

   14. TheOfficertotheSoldiers:"Fireattheenemy!"

   15. Mrs.PriestleysaidtoMargaret,"TakemorecareofyourclothesorIshan't havetimetorepairthembeforewegoonourholiday".

3. BKopoTKOMpaccKa3e«MypaBenuKY3He'IHK»BrrpBMonpe'lnecThHyrBeplK,ll,eHHB,HBOIIPOCh,HrrpnKa3hl.IlepeBe,!l;HTeeroBKOCBeHuyrope'lh,ua'lnuasCJIOBaMn:"1hewritersaidthat..."(Ha3hBanTe MypaBhBhe,aIQ'3He'lnKashe).

TheAntandtheGrasshopper

Iwilltellyouthestoryoftheantandthegrasshopper.Itisa coldwinter'sdayandanantisbringingoutsomegrainsofcornthathehadgatheredinthesum­merashewantstodrythem.Agrass­hopper,whoisveryhungry,seeshimandsays,"Givemeafewgrainsofcorn;Iamdyingofhunger".

"But",saystheant,"whatdidyoudointhesummer?Didn'tyoustoreupsomecorn?"

"No",repliesthegrasshopper,"Iwastoobusy"."Whatdidyoudo?"saystheant.

"Isangallday",answersthegrasshopper.

"Ifyousangallsummer",saystheant,"youcandanceallwinter".

4. Bh1pa3nTeuecornacuecyTBep1K,Z1,eunHMH,ua11uuauCJIOBaMu:"I'msorrytocontradictyoubut..."

   1. Thereareelevenpenniesinashilling.

   2. GlasgowisthecapitalofScotland.

   3. Thesunmovesroundtheearth.

   4. Itcosts2p.tosendaletterfromLondontoParis.

   5. Hobgetsallhisexercisesright.

LESSON6

MRS.PRIESTLEYTELLSASTORYANDMR.PRIESTLEYPUTSUPAHEN-HOUSE

[DoyourememberAndrewMacaulay,Mr.Priestley'sneph­ew?WemethiminBookII(Lesson10).Heisstaying againatthePriestleys'forashortholiday,sowe'lllookintothesitting­roomandlistentotheirtalk.Andrewisaboutelevenyearsold.]

Andrew:IwishIhadamillionpounds.MargaretPriestley:Why,Andrew?

Andrew:I'dbuyamotor-boat,abigcarlikeLucille's,andI'dgoallovertheworld.I'dbethehappiestboyalive.

Margaret:Idon'tthinkyouwould.

Andrew:OfcourseIshould.WithallthatmoneyIcouldhaveeverythingIwanted.Don'tyouthinkso,UncleCharles?

Mr.Priestley:Idon'tknow,Andrew,I'veneverhadamillionpounds,andI'mnotsurethatIshouldrecognizeahappymanifIsawone.

Andrew:AuntMary,youagreewithme,don'tyou?

Mrs.Priest1ey:Well,Idon'tknow,butthatlastremarkofyourUncleCharlesremindsmeofanoldstory...butyou'veprobablyheardit.

AndrewandMargaret:Ohno,I'msureIhaven't.

Pleasetellusastory.

Mrs.Priest1ey:Well,I'lltellyouthestory-butafterthatit'sbedtimeforbothofyou.

Onceuponatime(all

***

oldstories

beginlikethat),andin

acountryalongway off,there wasakingwhowasveryill.Allthedoctorsofthecourtattendedhimbut,inspiteofalltheycoulddo,hegotworseinsteadofbetter.Atlastindespairtheycalledinafamousdoctorfromanothercountry.He came,lookedattheking,andthen,lookingverygrave,said,"YourMajesty,thereisonlyonethingthatcancureyou".

"Whatisthat?"saidtheking."Whateveryouwantshallbebroughtforyou".

"Youmustsleepforonenight",saidthedoctor,"intheshirtofahappyman!"

Sothekingsenttwoofhischiefservantstofindahappymanand,whentheyhadfoundhim,tobringbackhisshirt.

Well,theywentfirsttotherichestmaninthecityandaskedhimifhewasahappyman.

"Happy!"hesaid,"whenIneverknowwhethermyshipsaregoingtobewreckednextday,whenthievesarealwaystryingtobreakintomyhouse.Howcanamanbehappywithalltheseworries?"

Sotheywenttotheking'sChiefMinister,themostpower­fulmaninthecountry,exceptfortheking.

"Areyouahappyman?"theysaid.

"Don'tbesilly",hesaid."There'sRuritaniathreateningtomakewaronusanyday.There'sthatvillainPopofftryingtopushmeoutofpower,theworkersarealways wantingtohavemoremoney,andthewealthywantingtopaylesstaxes.HowdoyouthinkaChiefMinistercanbeahappyman?"

Sotheywentalloverthecountrylookinghighandlowforahappymanbutneverfindingone.

Theywerereturninghome,tiredandmiserable(fortheyquiteexpectedthatthekingwouldhavethemputtodeathfornotfindingwhathewanted),whentheysawabeggar,sittingbytheroadside.Hehadmadealittlefire,andwasfryingsomesausages inafrying-pan,andsingingmerrilyashewatchedhissuppercooking.

Theylookedateachother.Hadtheyfoundwhattheywerelookingfor?Theywentuptohimandoneofthemsaid,"Yousoundveryhappy,myfriend".

"Ofcourse,I'mhappy",hesaid.

Theycouldhardlybelievetheirears.Withonevoicetheysaid,"Wewantyourshirt".

Thebeggarroaredwithlaughter.

"I'msorry,gentlemen",hesaid,"butIhaven'tgotashirt".

Margaret:Oh,Mummy,whatanicestory.YouarenearlyasgoodasHobattellingstories.

Mrs.Priest1ey:Thankyou,dear.Andnowcomeon,bedtime!

Mr.Priestley:Yes,Andrew,gettobedearly,I'veabigjobforyouandmeinthemorning.

Andrew:Oh,UncleCharles,whatisit?

Mr.Priest1ey:You'llhear tomorrowmorning.Goodnight.

TheNextMorningAndrewandMr.Priestley

Andrew:What'sthejob,UncleCharles,thatyouwantmetohelpyouwith?

Mr.Priest1ey:Well,wearegettingtennewhensandIwantahouseforthem.I'veboughtahen-house,itarrived

yesterdayafternoon,butit'sinpartsandneedstobeputto­gether.

Andrew:That'sjustthesortofjobIlike.

Mr.Priest1ey:Comeonthentotheback-garden.

don't

(Betweenyouandme,I^***

feeltoohopefulaboutthe

successofthisjob.Mr. PriestleyisallrightatteachingEnglish,butIshouldn'tcallhimagood "practical"man.AndasforAndrew,well,hehasalltheconfidenceofaboyofeleven.We'llleaveitatthatandgototheback-gardenandwatchthem.)

***

TheBack-garden

Mr.Priestley:Right.Nowlet'sgettowork.Herearetheparts.Thesetwolongoneswillbethesides,Ithink.Thatonewillbethebackandthatonethefront.

Andrew:Oh yes,andtheotherpiecewillbetheroof.It'seasy.We'llsoonhaveitup.

Mr.Priest1ey:Well,itmaynotbesoeasyasitlooks,butwe'lltrywhatwecando.

Andrew:Haveyouallthetools:hammer,nails,saw,screws,screwdriver?

Mr.Priest1ey:Herearenailsandahammer.Weshan'tneedasaw;thewoodissawnintotherightsizesalready.AndIdon'tthinkwe'llneedscrewsorscrewdriver.

Andrew:Supposeweputthebackandonesideintopo­sitionandIwillholdthemtherewhileyounailthemtogether.Mr.Priest1ey:Idon'tthinkweshouldnailthemto­gether.Themakersofthehen-househavesentasmallbagof

nutsandbolts.Weshouldboltthemtogether.

Andrew:Ohyes,that'sright.Look,there'saholehereforthebolttogoin.NowI'llholdthesideandendtogetherwhileyoupushtheboltthroughthehole.Oh!lookout!

(There'sacrashasthesidefallsdown)

Sorry,UncleCharles,thewindcaughtthatsideandIcouldn'tholdit.Ihopeitdidn'thurtyourfoot.

Mr.Priest1ey:Oh,it'snothingmuch;I'mprobably lamedforlife,butnevermind.Ithink,Andrew,itwouldbebetterifIheldthesideandyoupushedtheboltthroughthehole.

Andrew:Rightho!Hereitcomes.-Youseeit?

Mr.Priestley:Yes.That'sallright.Nowyoucometothisside,putthenutonandscrewituptightwiththespan-

ner...Good.Nowwe'llputontheothersideinthesameway.Pushtheboltthroughtheholes,putthenutonandscrewitup.

Andrew:Wearegettingonwell,aren'twe,UncleCharles;wecanputthefrontonnow.I'llgoinsideandpushtheboltthroughandyoucanscrewthenuton.

...Itdoesn'tseemtogothroughverywell.(That'spro­bablybecausetheyareputtingitthroughfromthewrongside;thenutoughttobeontheinside!)

I'llgetahammerandknockitthrough.

Mr.Priest1ey:Allright,butbecarefulwhatyoudo.

Andrew:Oh,Iknowhowtouseahammer.(Knock)...

It'sgoing...(Knock)...(CRASH'.)

Mr.Priest1ey:Nowwhat'shappened?

Andrew:Oh,I'msorry,Uncle Charles;thehammerslippedoutofmyhandandwentthroughthewindow.I'mafraidtheglassisnousenow.

Mr.Priest1ey:Oh,well, it'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.I'llgototheshoptomorrowandaskthemtocutmeano-therpieceofglass.

Andrew:We'llputtheroofonnow.I'llstayinsideandseethatitfitsproperly.Youjustnailiton,don'tyou;Idon'tseeanyholes forbolts.Here'sthehammerandyou'veplentyofnailsoutside.Youshoulddrivesomenailsinhere...(Knock,knock)...Good!...nowsomemorenailsallroundhere(Knock,knock,knock).-Thatsverygood...justoneortwomoreandtheroofwillbeon(Knock,knock,knock).Oh,splendid,that'sthejobdone.I'llcomeoutnowandseewhatitlookslikefromoutside...

Hey!Isay,howdoIgetout?Thedoor'slocked.

Mr.Priest1ey:Well,unlockit;isn'tthekeyinside?

Andrew:No,isn'titoutside?

Mr.Priest1ey:No,themakersmusthaveforgottentosendmeakey!

(Ithinkatthispointwe'dbettergoawayandleavethemtoit.)

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. IlpH,ll,YMaii:TenpeM01KenuHcocJie,!Q'IOW:HMHCJIOBaMuuCJiouoco11e­TaunHMH:

1. million

2. attend

3. inspiteof

4. grave(adj.)

5. wreck

16. tools

17. saw(noun)

18. saw(verb)

19. screw

20. nutsandbolts

6. threaten

7. villain

8.tax

9. minister

10. beggar

11. fry

12. merrily

13. practical

14. confidence

15. leaveitatthat

21. screwdriver

22. lame

23. spanner

24. nevermind

25. remark(noun)

2. 06'hHCHHTe3ua11euuHcJie,!Q'IOW:HXBhipa1Keuuii:

   1. It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.4.Betweenyouandme.

   2. Wearegettingonwell. 5.Rightho!

   3. Theycouldhardlybelievetheirears.

3. BcTaBhTenpony:w:e1D1b1ecJioua,11To6b1npe)Vlo1KeHHHHMeJIHCMhlCJI:

   1. IwishI-amillionpounds.

   2. Idon'tthinkthatI-recognizeahappyman-ifIsawone.

   3. You-remindedmeofastory,butIexpectyouhave-itbefore.

   4. Once---therewasaking-wasill.

   5. The-suggestionforcuringthekingwasa-one.

   6. Thereis-onethingthatcan-you.

   7. Thekingsentservantstofindthe-ofaman-washappy.

   8. Theyhadno-.Nobodyseemedtobe-.

   9. Asthey-hometheynoticedabeggar-bytheroadside.

   10. Hewas-sausagesoveralittle-,andhe-merrilyashis supperwas-.

   11. Theythoughtthat atlasttheyhad-whattheywerelooking-.

   12. Theywerewrong.Thebeggar-noshirt.

   13. Andrewwerefullof-,andMr.Priestleywasbetterat

-English-puttingupahen-house.

14. That'sjustthe-ofjob Ilike.

15.Nowlet's-towork.

4. IlocTaBbTeBonpocb1KCJie,!Q'IOmuMnpe,!UI01KeHIDIM,noJib3YHCbcJio­BaMH:"Where?","Howmuch?","Didyou?","What?","Why?","Haveyou?","Howold?","When?","Howmany?"

   1. I'dbuyamotor-boatandabigcar.

2. No,I'veneverheardastoryaboutahappyman'sshirtbefore.

3. It'sjustfivetofour.

4. Becausetennewhensarecomingtomorrow.

5. The2¹/₂p.stampisred.

6. Heiselevenyearsold.

7. IamgoingtoNorthWalesthisyear.

8. No,Ilookedup,butithadflownaway.

9. IfirstcametoEnglandin1955.

10. Thehen-housecosts£5.4s.6d.

11. Hewassingingandfryingsausages.

12. Hesaidtherewasonlyonethingthatcouldcurehim.

13. Mr.Priestleyhadorderedtennewhens.

14. No,hedidn'tsucceedinunlockingthedoor.

15. Becausethemakershadforgottentosendakey.

5. 06'bHCHHTeua3uaqeuueCJie,!Q'IOw:nx npe,nMeToB:

   1. Ahammer. 2.Anail. 3.Ascrewdriver.

4.Alockonadoor. 5.Afrying-pan.6.Asaw.

CoquueuueCocTaBbTeycTuoHJIHuanumnTepaccKa3uaTeMy:

1. TheHappyMan'sShirt.

2. Mr.Priestley,Andrewandthehen-house.

3. Sayorwritewhatyouwoulddoifyouhadamillionpounds.

LESSON7

SENTENCESANDCLAUSES

,[(a,n:MMcHaqarraHeCKOJibKOoITpe,r:i:eneHMH,MITpe)l(,ll;eBcerooITpe,r:i:eneHMeITpeM02Kemrn(sentence).

Ilpe)l;JI02KeHMeMHa3hrnaeTCHrpyrrITacnoB,06pa3yro:w;Mx3aKoffqeHHoeITOCMbCJIYBbCKa3bIBaHMe.0Hoo6biqHoBhlpa-2KaeTcne,r:i:yro:w;ee:(1)yrnep)l(,ll;eHMe,(2)BOITpoc,(3)ITpMKa3HJIMITpocb6y.HaITpMMep:

IamteachingyouEnglish. (Yrnep)l(,ll;eHMe)Doyouunderstandthat? (BoITpoc)

Bringyourbookhere. (IlpMKa3)Pleasehelpmewithmywork. (Ilpocb6a)

BKa)l(,ll;OMM33THXITpe)l;JI02KeHMHecThTOJibKOo,r:i:MHrna­ronBJIHOHcJ:>opMe.

TaKMeITpe,r:i:no2KeHMHHa3bIBaIOTCHITpocTbMM(Simple

Sentence).

HecKOJibKOITPOCTbIXITpe)l;JI02KeHMHMoryro6'he,r:i:MHHTbCHMe)K)l;yco6oM:ITPMITOMO:rn;McoI030B.HaITpMMep:

IIamteachingyouEnglishIandIyouarelisteningtome.I

IDoyouunderstandthatIoristheImatterstillnotclear?I

IBringyourbookherelandIopenitatpage21butdon't

begin

readng.

Ilpe)l;JI02KeHMe,COCTOH:rn;ee M3HeCKOJibKHXITPOCTbX,co­e,r:i:HHeHHbIXCOI03aMH, Ha3bIBaeTC5ICJI02KHOCoqHHeHHbM(Com­

poundSentence).

Ilpe)l;JI02KeHHH,BXO)l;H:rn;MeBCJI02KHOCOqMHeHHOeITpe)l;JI0-2KeHMe,HBJIHIOTCH3aKOffqeHHbMMITOCMbCJIYMO)l;MHaKOBOBa2KHbMMITOCBoeM:3HaqMMOCTM.

0,r:i:HaKOBCTPeqaIOTCHITpe)l;JI02KeHHH,KOTOpbeHeMMeIOT

3aKOffqeHHOroCMbCJia.BHHX,KaKMBOBCexITpe)l;JI02KeHHHX,eCTbJIHaHcJ:>opMarnarona,HOOHMITpMo6peTaIOT3aKOH­qeHHbMCMbCJIJIMIIIbBcoqeTaHMMc,r:i:pyrMMITpe)l;JI02KeHMeM.BoTHeCKOJibKOITpMMepoBTaKHXITpeM02KeHMH,HeHBJIHIO­

:rn;MXCHcaMOCTOHTeJibHbMM:

whichIwant;thathewastired;whenhesawthepoliceman.

HoBcoqeTaHMMc,r:i:pyrMMMITpeM02KeHHHMMOHMo6pern­IOTCMbCJI.HaITpMMep:

ThatsthebookwhichIwant.

Hobsaidthathewastired.

Thethiefranawaywhenhesawthepoliceman.

TaKMerrpe,n:Jio)KeHMJIHa3hIBaIOTCJIrrpM,n:aToqHhIMM(Clauses).lpe.ll:JIO)KeHMJI,KKOTOpbMOHMOTHOCJITCJIM6e3KOTOPhIXOHMHeMOryTCYIIIeCTBOBaTb,Ha3hlBaIOTCJIrnaBHhl­

MM(Principal)rrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMJIMM;3aBMCMMbe)Kerrpe.ll:JIO)Ke­

HMJIHa3hIBaIOTCJIrro,n:qMHeHHhMM(Subordinate).Ilpe.ll:JIO)Ke­HMe,COCTOJIIIl,ee M3O,n:HororJiaBHOroMHeCKOJihKMXrrpMaTOqHhX,Ha3hlBaeTCJICJIO)KHOIIO.ri:qMHeHHhlM(Complex)rrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMeM.

ACOMPLEXSENTENCECONTAINSONEPRINCIPALANDONEORMORESUBORDINATECLAUSES

PrincipalClause SubordinateClause

Thatsthebook whichIwant.

Hobsaid thathewastired.

Thethefranaway whenhesawthepoliceman.

IIocMOTPMM,KaKMe<l>YHKllMMBhIIIOJIHJIIOT3TMTPMrrpM-

,n:aToqHhIXrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMJI,rrpMBe,n:eHHhIXBTa6nm.1,e.BrrepBOMco,n:ep)KMTCJIMH<l>opMaIJ,MJIoKHMre.0HoBhIIIOJIHJieT<l>YHK­

IJ,MIOorrpe,n:eJieHMJIMHa3bIBaeTCJIorrpe,n:eJIMTeJibHhMMIIpMa­TOqHhM(AdjectiveClause).BTOpoerrpe,n:JIO)KeHMeCTOMTBrro3MIJ,MM,n:orronHeHMJIKrnaronysaid.0HoBhIIIOJIHJieT<l>YHK-IJ,MIO.ll:OIIOJIHeHMJIMHa3bIBaeTCJI.ll:OIIOJIHMTeJibHhM(Noun

Clause).TpeTberrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMeMrpaeTponho6cTOJITeJihCTBa,

20. e.IIOKa3bIBaeT,KaKHMo6pa30MHKor.n:aCOBeprnaeTCJI.n:e:tl:­CTBHe(BHeMfOBOpHTCJI,Kor.n;ay6e)KaJIBop).3TOIIPH.D:aToq­HOeo6cTOJITeJihCTBeHHoerrpe.ll:JIO)KeHHe(AdverbClause).BeeTPHrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHHJIrro.n;qHHeHhIrnaBHOMY.

IlpH.D:aToqHherrpe.ll:JIO)KeHHJIcoe.n;HIDIIOTCJIcrnaBHhMrrpHIIOMOIIl,HCOI030Bwhich,that,whenH.n;p.HoCJIOBOwhich60Jih­rne,qeMCOI03.IloMHMOrrpHCOe)l;HHeHHJIrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHHM,OHOelll,eMO)KeT3aMelll,aThcyII1,eCTBHTeJihHoe.BHarneMcnyqaeOHO3aMelll,aeTCJIOBObook.

PaccMOTPHM eII1,eHeCKOJihKOorrpe.n;eJIHTeJihHhXrrpH.D:aToq-HhIXrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHHM:

1. ThatisthebookwhichIwant.

2. HereisJoeMarsdenwholooksafterLucille'scar.

3. Thisis thehousethatJackbuilt.

4. ThatisthemanwhomImet.

MxMO)KHO3arrHcaThHrro-.n;pyroMy(xornBapHaHT3TOTBhlfJIJl.ll:HTHerrpHBhNHO):

1.ThatisthebookandIwantit(thebook).

2. HereisJoeMarsdenandhe(Joe)looksafterLucille'scar.

3. ThisisthehouseandJackbuiltit(thehouse).

4. ThatisthemanandImethim.

Mo)l(Ho3aMeTHTh,qTocnoBawho,that,which,whomBh­IIOJIHJIIOT ponhcoI03aand,aTaK)Ke ponhcyII1,eCTBHTeJihHOro,3aMeHJIJIero.CnoBawho,which,that,whom,BhIIIOJIHJIJITaKYIQPOJih,Ha3hIBaIOTCJIOTHOCHTeJihHhMHMeCTOHMeHHJIMH¹

(RelativePronouns).CyII1,eCTBHTeJihH03,KOTopoe3aMeII1,aeTcJIOTHOCHTeJihHhMMeCTOHMeHHeMbook,JoeMarsden,house,man),Ha3hIBaeTcJIaHTeu;e.n;eHTOM(Antecedent).

,I1,mrnyqrneroIIOHHMaHHJIrrpe.n;cTaBHMBeeCKa3aHHOeBBM-

14. ;eTa6JIHil;h:

fJiasuoenpe)J.JIO)Keuue		Onpe)J,eJiuTeJibuoenpH)J,aTO'IHOe		<l>ynKU,HH npH)J,aTO'IHOfO
AHmel{eaeHm		OmHocume!lbHoeMecmoUMeHue
ThatisHereis ThisisThatis	thebook JoeMarsden thehousetheman	whichwho thatwhom	Iwantlooks after Lucille'scarJackbuilt Imet	orrpe,!l;eIDieTbook orrpe,!l;eIDieTJoe Marsdenorrpe,!l;eIDieThouseorrpe,!l;eIDieTman

1. IlOTOM)'qTQOHH«COOTHOCHT»,T.e.coe,!IHHIDOT,rrpe)l)IO.lKeHHHBMeCTe.

2. E)'KBa.JihHO3HaqJiT«CTOHII(Hil:paHee».

0THOCHTeJihHhieMeCTOHMeHH51whoHwhomOTHOC51TC51KJIHilaM;whichOTHOCHTC51KBe111aM;thatOTHOCHTC51KaKK

JIH.QaM,TaKHKBe111aM.WhoCTOHTBHMeHHTeJibHOMrra,z:i;e)Ke,whom-Bo6neKTHOMrra,z:i;e)Ke;thatHwhichMoryrCTOHThBo6omcrra,z:i;e)Kax.

11Hor.r:i;aorrpe,r:i;eJIHTeJI1>HoerrpH,ll;aToqHoeMO)KeTCTOHThBJIYTPHrJiaBHoro,,r:i;eMeroHa,r:i;BeqacTH.HarrpHMep:

1.ThehousethatJackbuilthasfallendown.

2. JoeMarsdenwholooksafterLucille'scarisaverygoodmechanic.

3. ThebookwhichIwantisonthetable.

4. ThemanwhomImetknowsLucille.

113MeHHBMeCTOorrpe,r:i;eJIHTeJihHOfOrrpH)l;aToqHoroBrJiaB­HOMrrpe,lJ,JIO)KeHHH,MhlHCKa3HMCMblCJIBCeroBblCKa3hlBaHH51:

The bookisonthetablewhichIwant.ThemanknowsLucillewhomImet.

03HaqaeTHeTO)Ke,qTo:

ThebookwhichIwantisonthetableThemanwhomImetknowsLucille.

06111eerrpaBHJIOMO)KHOCcPOPMYJIHPOBaThTaK:COTHOCH­TeJibHOeMeCTOHMeHHe,ll;OJl)KHOCT051TbKaKMO)KHO6JIH)KeKaH­

Teu;e,r:i;eHzy.

,[(oBOJibHOqacTO,oco6eHHOBpa3fOBOpHOHpeqH,Mblorryc­KaeMOTHOCHTeJihHOeMeCTOHMeHHe,eCJIHOHOCTOHTBo6neK­

THOMrra,z:i;e)Ke.HarrpHMep,rrpe,lJ,JIO)KeHHH:

whom

ThatisthegirlWhereistheboy

{

thatwhom

{

that

Imetat theparty.youspoketo?

Theboy

ThebookMO)KHO3aIIHCaTn:

whom

{

thatwhich

{

that

IspoketowasAndrew.

Iwantisonmystudytable.

ThatisthegirlImetattheparty.Whereistheboyyouspoketo?

TheboyIspoketowasAndrew.

ThebookIwantisonmystudytable.

Mnl)')Ke3HaeM,qToOTHOCMTeJihHOeMeCTOMMem-i:ewho

MMeeT06'heKTJIY10cPOPMYwhom(3TOe,r:i;MHCTBeHHOeOTHOCM-

TeJibHOeMeCTOMMeHMe,MMeI0111ee6oJieeqeMO,ll;HYcPOPMY).0HoTaIOKeMMeeTrrpMTIDirnTeJibHYJOcPOPMYwhose.HarrpMMep:

Thatistheboywhosebrotherwaskilled.

Thegirlswhosesingingyouadmiredare inmyclass.Heisamanwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.

CJioBoasTaIOKeJIB.JUieTcJIOTHOCMTeJihHhIM MeCTOMMeHM-eM,eCJIMOHOCJie,r:i;yeTIIOCJiesuchMJIMsame.IlOCMOTPMMHarrpe,ll;JIO)K:eHMe:

Meetmeattheplacethatyoudidyesterday.

BrroJIHeoqeBM,ll;HO,qTothat3,ll;eCbOTHOCMTeJibHOeMeCTO­MMeHMe.HoecJIMBrJiaBHOMrrpe,ll;JIO)K:eHMMrrocTaBMThsame,BMecTOthatMhIyrr0Tpe611Mas.Harrp11Mep:

Meetmeatthesameplaceasyoudidyesterday.CpaBHMTeTaIOKecJie,r:i;yio11111errpe,ll;JIO)K:eHMJI:

1. Ineversaythethingsthatyoudo.

2.I neversaysuchthingsasyoudo.

BHID{as,CTOJII11eeIIOCJieCJIOBasuch,TaIOKeJIB.JUieTCJI OT­HOCMTeJihHbIMMeCTOMMeHMeM.

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. Onpe,ll,eJIHTeBH.ll.npe,ll,JIO)Keuuu(npocTOe,CJIO)Kffocoquueuuoe,CJIO)K­uono,ll,quueuuoe):

   1. Ilikeeggsandbacon.

2. Hoblikeseggsandheoftenhasthreeforbreakfast.

3. Iprefereggswhicharenew-laid.

4. WhenMargaretislaughingandsinging,weknowsheishappy.

5. AndrewwantstoplaywithSally,butSallyrunsaway.

2. BcJieiJ.YIOmuxnpe,ll,JIO)Keum1xuaii,ll,uTeonpe,ll,eJIHTeJibHOenpH,ll,a­To11uoe.YKTe,KaKoeCJIOBOHBJIHeTCHOTHOCHTeJibHblMMeCTOHMe­HHeM(eCJIHOHOeCTb),aKaKoe-auTe11e)J,eHTOM.

   1. ThisisthehammerthatMr.Priestleyused.

2. ThewindowwhichAndrewhitisbroken.

3. IenjoyedthebookabouttheclimbingofEverest,whichyougavemeformybirthday.

4. Imethisbrother,whoteachesataboarding-school.

5. Thebirdswhichflewawayintheautumnhavereturned.

6.Theboarding-schooltowhichAndrewwassentisexcellent.

7. Doyou knowthemanwhosehousewehavejustpassed?

8. Jockwalkedroundthehousein whichSallylived.

9.ThedressLucilleiswearingsuitsherverywell.

10. ThetrainbywhichwetravelledfromNewhavenwasveryslow.

11. FriedaandJanhavejustreturnedfromaBachconcert,whichwasconductedbySirMalcolmSargent.

12. ThecomposerIlikebestisBeethoven.

13. Ihopetomarryagirlwhoisagoodcook.

14. ThepersonwhosaidthelastsentenceisHob.

15. Thelandlady,whoseroomsIhadtaken, tookmyluggageupstairs.

3. CocTaBbTeH3,!l;ByxnpoCTbIXnpe,!J;JIOBCeuuii:O,!J;HOCJI01KHODO,!l;'IH­ueuuoe,ucnOJib3YRMeCTOHMennRwho,whom,which,that,whose.Bnpe,!J;JioBCeunRxno,!!;3Be3,!l;O'IKaMHueucnoJib3yii:Tethat.

   1. Ilikedthestory.Hobtoldit.

2. *Hereis thegirl.Youspoketoherthismorning.

3. Ihavereadthebook.Youtoldmeaboutit.

4. Thereistheplane.IcametoLondonbyit.

5. Thereistheman.Hisdogbitme.

6. Theplanehasflown10,000miles.IcametoLondonin it.

7. Andrew'sdogranafteracar.ThedogiscalledJock.

8. Thebicyclewasformybirthday.MyUncleAlbertsentit.

9. Thatisthehouse.Welivedin itin1950.

10. *Welikedtheboy.Youbroughthimtothehouse.

11. Ourfriendwroteawell-knownbook.Helivesinthathouse.

12. Ineversawsuchabadwork.Hobhasdoneit.

13. Theapplesgrewonmytree.Youareeatingthem.

14. Thegirlisgoingtosingasong.SheiscalledMargaret.

15. *Thereistheboy.Yousawhimthismorning.

16. Maryhasinvitedustotea.Hermothermakeslovelycakes.

17. Thatisthesamestory.Hobtoldit.

18. *Hisbrotheristheheadmasterofaschool.Ioncemethim inBeirut.

19. Thismanworksatagarage.HisnameisJoeMarsden.

20. JoeMarsdenworksatagarage.HelooksafterLucille'scar.

LESSON8

ADVERBCLAUSES

06cT051TeJibCTBOo6pa3a ,n;eikTBIDIo6bPIHOroBOpMTHaM,KaKrrpoTeKaJIO,n;e:itCTBMe;o6CT051TeJibCTBOBpeMeHM-Kor,n;aOHOrrpoTeKano;o6CT051TeJibCTBOMeCTa-r,n;eOHOrrpoTeKa­JIO.HarrpMMep:

Janddhisworkwell.(Manner)

Isawhimyesterday.(Time)Wemettheboysthere.(Place)

06CT051TeJibCTBeHHbierrpM,n;aTOqHbierrpe,D;JIO)KeHIDIBbIIIOJI-HHIOTTY)Ke<l>YHKIJ;MIO.HarrpMMep:

Janddhisworkasworkoughttobedone.(Manner)

IsawhimwhenIwaswalkingtothefootballfield.(Time)Wemettheboyswherewegenerallymeetthem.(Place)

HoKpoMeo6cTOHTeJibCTBeHHbIXrrpM,n;aToqHbIXo6pa3a,n;e:it­CTBIDI,BpeMeHMMMecrnecTbM,n;pyrMerrpe,D;JIO)KeHIDI.OHMTaK)KexapaKTepM3yIOTrnaronrnaBHOrorrpe,n;JIO)KeHIDI.IIo3TO:itxapaKTepMCTMKeMbIMO)KeMorrpe,n;eJIMTbBMrrpM,n;aToqHoro.

Bp51,D;errpe,D;JIO)KeHM:itroBopMTCH,rroqeMYrrpoM30IIIJio,n;e:itcT­BMe.3TOrrpM,n;aTOqHoerrpe,n;JIO)KeHMHrrplfqMHbI(Reason).

HarrpMMep:

Thethiefranawaybecausehesawthepoliceman.

Janpassedhisexaminationbecauseheworkedhard.

Becausehehadn'tworkedhard,Hobdidn'tpasshisexamination.

B,n;pyrMxrrpe,D;JIO)KeHIDIXroBopMTCH,rrpMKaKMXycnoBM51XCOCTOMTC51,n;e:itCTBMe.3TorrpM,n;aToqHberrpe,D;JIO)KeHIDIycno­

BIDI(Condition).HarrpMMep:

Olafwillpasshisexaminationifheworkshard.

Iftherainstops,Ishallgoforawalk.Wewillhelpyouifyouneedhelp.

Icannotdrinkcoffeeunlessitiswellmade.

ADVERBCLAUSES

BHeK0Top1>1xrrp11,I1;aToqH1>1xrrpe,I1;JI02K:eH11Hxr0Bop11TCHo u;eJIHcoBeprneHH51,I1;elicTBH5I.3TorrpH.I1:aToqH1>1errpe.Il:JI02K:e­HH51u;eJIH(Purpose).Harrp11Mep:

Olafsworkinghardsothathewillpasshisexamination.

Thethiefhidbehindthetreesothatthepolicemanwouldnotseehim.

HobateabiglunchbeforehewenttoLondonsothathewouldn'thungryontheway.

NOUNCLAUSES

qacToM02K:HOBCTPeTHThrrpH.I1:aToqH1>Ierrpe.Il:JI02K:eHH51,HB­JI5IIOI11Hec51.Il:OIIOJIHeHH51MH;ropa3.Il:Ope2K:e-rrpH.I1:aToqH1>1e-IIO.Il:Jle)Ka11111enoOTHOIIIeHHIOKrnaBHOMYrrpe.Il:JIO)KeHHIO.BoT

HeCKOJihKOrrpHMepoB rrpe.Il:JIO)KeHHM,r,Il;e,Il;OIIOJIHeHHeM51B­JI5IeTC51cy:r.u;eCTBHTeJibHOe:

Object

Iknow arithmetic.

Hobsaid afewwords.

Georgedreamed adream.

ABcJie.I1:yio11111xrrpe.Il:JI02K:eHH51X.Il:OIIOJIHeHH51MHHBJI5IIOTCH

rrpH.I1:aToqH1>1errpe.Il:JI02K:eHH51:

Object

Iknow thattwoandtwomakefour.

Hobsaid thathewouldtellusastory.

Georgedreamed thathewasflyingtothemoon.

ABOTHeCKOJihKOrrp11MepoBrrpe.I1:J102K:eH11li,r,I1;eIIO.I1:J1e-2K:a1IIHM51BJI5IeTC51cy:r.u;ecTBHTeJibHOe:

Subject

Yourwork seemsverydfficut.Theprisoner'sescape isacompletemystery.

11rrp11Mep1>1,r,Il;erro.I1:J1e2K:a1IIHMHHBJI5IIOTCHrrpH.I1:aToqH1>1errpe.Il:JI02K:eHH51:

Subject

Whatyouaredoing seemsverydifficut.Howtheprisonerescaped isacompletemystery.3Torrp11Mep1>1rrpH.I1:aToqH1>1X-rro.I1:J1e2K:a11111x.

0

' AHAnllt3

,[(JUIrrpoBepKHCBOHX3HaHHMII.Il:JI5IToro, qT061>1YBH.Il:eTbCTPYKTYPYcJI02K:Horro11HeHH1>1Xrrpe.I1:J102K:eH11M:,BblM02K:eTe

rrpoaHaJIH3HPOBaTh,T.e.pacqneHHTh,CJI02K:HOIIOHHeHHOerrpe.Il:JIO)KeHHe,KaK3TOC,Il;eJiaHOHll)Ke:

Ctio:J1Cnonooqunennoenpe0Ao:J1Cenue

WhenMr.Priestleyaskedhimaquestion,Olafsaidthathe

knewtheanswerbecauseitwasinthelessonthathehadjustread(rnaBHoerrpe)])IO)Kem1e-Olafsaid).

Anll.llll3

Ilpuoamoqnoe

WhenMr.Priestleyasked

himaquestion

thatheknewtheanswerbecauseitwasinthelesson

Tun

AdverbClauseofTime,qualifies"asked"

NounClause,objectof"said"AdverbClauseofReasonqualifies"knew"

thathehadjustread AdjectiveClause,qualifies

"lesson"

H,HaKoHeu;,paccMoTpMMCJIO)KHOIIo,ri:qMHeHHoerrpe)])lo­

)KeHMe,COCT05Irn;eeM3rJiaBHOroMHeCKOJihKMXrro,ri:qMHeHHhIXeMYrrpM,IJ;aToqHhIX:

Theboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreak,said,whenIspoketohim,thathewashungrybecausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.

PacqneHMM3TOrrpe)])IO)KeHMe,BhI,ri:eJIMBrrpM,IJ;aToqHhie,yqMThIBa5I,qTornaBHoerrpe)])IO)KeHMe-Theboysaid.

/Ipuoamoqnoe Tun

Theboysaid PrincipalClause

whowascrying AdjectiveClause,describes"boy"

asifhisheartwouldbreak AdverbClause(Manner)whenIspoketohim AdverbClause(Time)

thathewashungry NounClause,objectof"said"becausehehadhadnofoodAdverbClause(Reason)for

twodays

BOT,IIO)Ka.Jiyil,MBee,qToBaMceliqacHe06XO,Il;MMO3HaTh0CJIO)KHOIIO,ri:qMHeHHhIXrrpe)])IO)KeHM5IX.

YnPA>K HEHMSI

1. BhlqJieHnTeBcJie,!Q'IOxnpeAJIO:>KeHIDIXnpll,!l;aToqub1euYKa:>KHTe

HXTHU.

1. Unlessyoudrivehomecarefully,youwillhaveanaccident.

2. Andrewusedthehammer,whileMr.Priestleyheldtheside.

3. HewenttotheheartofAfrica,sothathecouldshootwildanimals.

4. Ifthestampistorn,it'snogoodformycollection.

5. Mr.Priestleywouldn'tgotobed,untilhehadfinishedthelastchapterofhisnewbook.

6. Becausethemedicinetastedsounpleasant,Andrewusuallyforgottodrinkit.

7. Thepolicemanraisedhishandsothatthetrafficwouldstop.

8. Youwillfinditifyoulookcarefully.

9. Afteritwasdark,thebattleshipsteamedintothebay.

10. ThehammerlaidwhereAndrewhaddroppedit.

2. Bh111JieHnTenpH,11,aTO'IHhie,11,onoJIHHTeJihHhieunpH,11,aTO'IHh1e-no,ll,Jle­

:>KaI11He:

1. AndrewsaidthathewastakingJockforawalk.

2. HobhopesthatMr.Priestleywon'taskhimaquestion.

3. Thepupilsaidthatthequestionsweretoodifficult.

4. "Theyarequiteeasy",repliedtheteacher.

5. Whatyousaidwasquitetrue.

3. BcTaBbTeHeo6xo,11,uMb1ecoI03hluonpe,11,eJiuTeTunnpH,11,aTO'IHoro:

   1. -youhaveworkedsohard,youmayhaveaholiday.

2. Youcan'tblameMr.Priestley-Hobfailshisexam.

3. Idon'tlike coffee-itisreallyhotandstrong.

4. -youareready to go,I'llgowithyou.

5. Mrs.Priestleybakedacake--thestudentswouldhavesomethingtoeatateleveno'clock.

4. C,11,eJiaiiTeaHaJIH3cJie,11,y10111HXnpe,!1,Jio1KeHun:

   1. Mr.Priestley,whoiswritinganewbook,saidthathedid nothearthebellwhenthepostmanrang.

2. Thethief,whohadhiddenthemoneyunderatree,wentbackagainbecausehethoughtthathecouldnowtakeitawaywithsafety.

3. WhenMr.Priestleyaskedwhatpartofspeechawordwas,Pedrosaid,"Icantellyoutheanswerifyouwillgivemeasentenceinwhichthewordisused".

LESSON9

AVISITTOSTRATFORD

(Lilian,Mr.Priestley'sniece,isstaying,withherbrotherAndrew,atthePriestleys'house.Shewritesaletter home.)

DearMotherandFather,

April 24th.

Wehadaheavenlydayyesterday;CousinJohnishomefromOxfordforashortholiday(hecallsit"vacation")sohetookMargaretandAndrewandmeinUncleCharles'scartoStratford-on-Avon,theplacewhereShakespearewasbornanddied.Itwasaverysuitableday,foryesterdaywasApril23rd;thatisSt.George'sDay-theSaintofEngland-andthatisthedayonwhichShakespearewasborn¹,andalsothedayonwhichhedied².

Stratfordisaveryinterestingtown,rightinthecentreofEngland.Youcan'tgetveryfarfromtheseaanywhereinEng­land,butStratfordisaboutthefarthestpointyoucangetfromit.It'snicetothinkthatShakespearewasbornrigntintheheartofEnglandandinthe midstofcountrythatissotypicallyEnglish,quiteunlikeourScottish^3countryroundInverness.TherearenomountainsordeepvalleysnearStratford;there'snotofthegrandscenerythatwehaveroundtheCairn­gorms,buttherearebeautifulwoods, greenfields,aquietgentleriver-thewindingAvon-andlovelyhouses,blackandwhitewiththatchedroofs.

Stratfordisquiteabusytown,especiallyonmarketdaywhenthefarmersfromthecountrysideroundStratfordcometobuyorsellcowsorpigsorsheep.AtleastsoJohntoldme,andheknowsStratfordwell.Butitwasn'tmarketdayyester­day, sowewereabletolookroundcomfortably.ThefirstplacewewentwasShakespeare'sbirthplace,asmallhousewithsmallroominthecentreofStratford.WesawtheveryroomwhereShakespearewasborn.Lotsofpeoplewhohadvisitedthehousehadwrittentheirnamesonthewalls.Itseemedawrongthingtodo-althoughamongthenameswereWalterScott,Dickens,ThackerayandBrowning.

I1564.

^21610.

^3Lilian'shomeisinScotland.

^4MountainsinthenorthofScotland.

Inoneroomwasalittlewoodendesk,theverydeskthatShakespearesatinwhenhewenttothegrammarschoolinStratford.ButoneofthethingsIlikedbestwasthegardenbehindthehouse,becauseinitaregrowingalltheflowers,treesandplantsthatarementionedinShakespeare'splays.

SHAKESPEARE'SMEMORIALTHEATRE,STRATFORD

WhenShakespearebecamesuccessfulinLondonheboughtthebiggesthouseinStratford,ahousecalledNewPlace,toretireto.HereheprobablywroteTheWinter'sTaleandTheTempest;andherehedied.Well,Iwanted toseethat;butthere'snothingleftofitbutafewbricksandthegarden.Themanwhoownedit,Mr.Gastrell,wassobad-tempered,be­causesomanypeoplecametoseethehouse,thathepulleditdown¹.It'shardtobelievethat,isn'tit,butJohnsaidit'strue.ShakespearehadplantedamulberrytreeinthegardenandMr.Gastrellcutthatdown,too,butthepeopleofStratfordtookpiecesofthetreeandplanted oneoftheminthegardenofNewPlace,andthattreeisstillgrowingthere.I'msorrytosaythatwhilewewerenotlookingathim,Andrewtookapieceofit,aboutthreeincheslong,fromoneofthebranches.HesaidheknewUncleCharleswasveryfondofShakespeareandsohewasgoingtoplanthislittlepieceinUncleCharles'sgardenthatUncleCharlescouldhaveatreefrom"Shakespeare's tree".ThenwewenttothechurchwhereShakespeareisburied.

There'sabustof ShakespearethatwascarvedbyaDutchsculptorwholivednearShakespeare'sGlobeTheatreandmusthaveseenShakespearemanytimes,andonthestoneofShake­speare'sgravearethelines:

^1In1758.

Goodfriend,forJesus'sakeforbearTodigthedustenclosedhere.

BlestbethemanthatsparesthesestonesAndcurstbehethatmovesmybones.

Johnsaidthat,thoughtitwasn'tverygoodpoetry,itwasalmostcertainlywrittenbyShakespearehimself.Atanyrate,I'mgladithasbeensuccessfulinkeeping anyonefrom"movinghisbones".

Bythistimewewereveryhungry;Andrewhadbeensayingforthelasthourorsothathewouldbegladwhenwastimeforlunch.SoJohntookustoaveryoldhotelthatwasprobablythereinShakespeare'stime.IthadsomebeautifulTudor tablesandchairs;andtheroomshaven'tnumbersonthe doorsasmosthotelshave.InsteadeveryroomhasthenameofaShakespeare'splayonit-the"Hamlet"room,the"RomeoandJuliet"roomandsoon.Andwehadajollygoodlunchthere.AfterlunchJohntookusacrossthefields,abouta mileoutofStratford,toAnneHathaway's Cottage.AnneHathawaywasthewomanthatShakespearemarried,andthecottageisjustasitwasinShake­speare'stime.Therearetheoldchairsbythefire-placewhereShakespearemusthavesat,theplatesfromwhichheprobablyatehisdinner,andaleatherbottlefromwhichAnnepouredoutbeerforhim.InthatlittlehouseIfeltasifIwaslivinginthe17thcentury,andifShakespearehadcomewalkingdownthenarrowstairsIshouldn'thavefeltverysurprised.

WehadalookattheShakespeareMemorialTheatre,builtonratherplainpracticallines(someonesaiditwas"likeamodemfactory"),butJohnsaidithasthebeststageinEng­land.I wishwecouldhaveseenaplaythere;theyweredoingAMidsummerNight'sDreamthatevening,butalltheticketshadbeensoldlongago.However,Johnisgoingtotrytogetseatsforanothernight.

Wewereverytiredwhenwegotback,butithadbeenalovelyday-andIdohopeJohncangetthosetickets.

Lotsoflove,LILIAN.

YnPA>KHEHIASI

1. CocTaBLTenpe,!VlmKeuuscoCJie;zyrom:uMuCJIOBaMuuCJIOBoco11eTa-

HHHMH:

1. heavenly

2.typical

3.unlike

4. wooden

5. plant(verb)

6. plant(noun)

4. sculptor

5. grave

6. branch

7. atanyrate

8. jollygood

9. leather

10. pour

11. practical

12. stage

13. carve

14. long ago

15. inthemidstof

16. vacation

17. thatched

2. pH)JyMaiiTeBODpOCbI,OTBeTaMHuaKOTOpbieMOryTCJiy1KHTbCJie­

,!Q'IOenpe;:vm:iKenIDI.

Borrpocn1MoryrHaq1rnaThCHTaK:"Didshe?","Isit?","Why?","Where?","When?","Has?","What?","Who?","Whatsortof?","Are?","Howmany?"

1. ShakespearewasborninStratford.

2. ItwasonApril23rd.

3. Hediedin1616.

4. Itisquiet,gentlescenery.

5. HeboughtthebiggesthouseinStratford.

6. ItwascalledNewPlace.

7. Yes,heprobablywroteThe Winter'sTaleandTheTempest

there.

8. Becausehewasbad-temperedaboutthenumberofpeoplewhocametoseeit.

9. Andrewtookapieceofthemulberrytree.

10. BecauseheknewUncleCharleswasveryfondofShakespeare.

11. ItwascarvedbyaDutchsculptor.

12. No,Johndidnotthinkitwasgoodpoetry.

13. No,theyaren't. EachroomiscalledbythenameofaShakespeare'splay.

14. No,itisquitemodem.

15. Yes,itissaidtobethebestinEngland.

16. Three.Margaret,JohnandAndrew.

17. No,itisaboutasfarfromtheseaasyoucangetinEngland.

18. ShelivesnearInvernessinScotland.

19. No,shewentbycar.

20. Yes,shesaidithadbeenalovelyday.

3. BcTaBLTenponyru,ennL1ecJiooa:

   1. Youcan'tgetveryfarfromthesea-inEngland.

   2. ThesceneryroundStratfordisquite-theScottishcountryside-Inverness.

   3. Shakespearewas-inStratfordandhe-theretoo.

   4. Itseemed-thatvisitorsshould-theirnamesonthewalls.

5. Inthegardengrowalltheflowers,treesandplantsthatare-inShakespeare's-.

6. WhenShakespearebecame-inLondon,he-NewPlaceto-to.

7. Mr.Gastrell-thetreedown.

8. Andrew-apieceaboutthree--.

9. Thenwewenttothe churchwhereShakespeareis-.

10. Therearefour-ofpoetryonShakespeare's-.

4. IIocTaBbTecJioBaBTaKoMnopMJCe,11To6b1noJiy<IUJIHCbnpaBUJib­Hblenpe,!UioxeHm1:

   1. youtoStratfordbeenhaveever?

2. inyes1955wentI

3. windsthroughtheslowlytheriverAvontown

4. cottageabouta mileAnneHathaway'sfromStratfordis

5. HobwhenStratfordtowent,Avonfellintothehe

6. wasthisfunnyverythoughtOlaf

7. butthegardenisleftnothingofNewplaceandafewbricks

8. well JohnStratfordknewOxfordbecauseisitnearquite

9. gladintheheartwasShakespearerigntIamofEnglandborn

10. manybookswroteDickensnamehisandalsoofthehouseonthewallbornShakespearewherewas

Co11uHeHue

1. HanumuTenucbMO,11;pyryucoo6TeBHeM,'ITOBbl6y,11;eTe,11;eJiaTbHHa'ITOCMOTpeTb, KOr,11;anoe,11;eTeBCTpaTit>op,11;,UJIH'ITOBblDOCMOT­

peJIHu11To,11;eJiaJIHBCTpaT1i>op,11;e,ecJiu)')Ke6bIJIHTaM.

2. OnumuTeMeCTO,r,11;epo,11;UJICHKTO-Hu6y)J;bH33HaMeHHTbIXJII0,11;euBameucTpaHbl.

LESSON10

MOOD

HaKJioHemfe-3TO<t>opMarnarona,rroKa31>rna10m;rur,Ka­KMMo6pa30MCOBeprnaeTCH;::i:ell:CTBMe.

,ll;ocrncrropBaMBCTPeqanoc1>;::i:BaHaKJioHeHMH:(1)M3'hH-BMTeJibHOe(Indicative)'BKOTOPOMBblp<DK.aIOTCHyrnep)K,l],e­HMHMBOIIpOCbl,(2)IIOBeJIMTeJibHOe(Imperative),BKOTOpOMBblp<DK.aIOTCHrrpMKa3blMrrpoc1>61>1.

CyrIIeCTByeTMTPeTMMBM)];HaKJioHeHMH-cocnaraTeJI1>Hoe(Subjunctive),KOTOpoeMCIIOJib3yeTC5l)l;JI5[Bblp<DKeHMHIIO)Ke­JiaHMHMJIMtta;::i:e)K,l],1>1HacoBeprneHMe;::i:ell:cTBMH.HarrpMMep:

GodsavetheQueen.

3TO03HaqaeT:"IhopeandpraythatGodwillsavetheQueen".QqeHbqacTOCOCJiaraTeJibHOCTbBblp<DK.aeTCHcIIOMOIIJ;bIOO)l;HOro M3«CIIellMaJibHbIX»rnaroJIOB,TaKMXKaKmay(might).

HarrpMMep:

Longmayshereign.

Ahappiertimeiscoming.MayIlivetoseeit.Hewishedthathemightseehappiertimes.

CocnaraTeJI1>HoeHaKJioHeHMeyrroTpe6JIHeTcHMB;::i:pyrMxcnyqaHXByCJIOBHbIXrrpM)l;aToqHbIXrrpe)l;JIO)KeHMHX,rro;::i:pa3y­MeBa5l0TpM11aHMe.

01af:Excuseme,sir,butIdon't understandwhat"imply­inganegative"means.

Mr.Priest1ey:Iamquitesureyoudon't,andIwasjustgoingtoexplainit.

Suppose,Olaf,Isaytoyou:"IfIwerecaptainofaship,Iwouldtakeyouonavoyageroundtheworld".Whatdoyouknowaboutmefromthatsentence?DoyouknowthatIamthecaptainofashipornot?

01af:Iknowthatyouarenotacaptainofaship.Mr.Priestley:ButIdidn'tsayso.

01af:No,butanyonecouldgatherthatfromthesentence.Mr.Priest1ey:Iquiteagree.Theremark"implies"that

Iamnotthecaptain.Now,Jan,here'sasentenceforyou:

"IfJohnwerehere,hewouldhelpmewithmywork".

FromthatsentencecouldyousaywhetherJohnishereornot?

Jan:Heisnothere.

Mr.Priest1ey:But"not"isanegativewordandtherewasn'ta"not"inmysentence.

Jan:No,thereisn'tanegativeinit,butyougatherthenegativeideafromthesentence.

Mr.Priest1ey:Oh,Isee.Youmeanthatthenegativeisimpliedbutnotactuallyexpressed.Letustake justonemoresentence.Thereisachildren'ssongthatgoes:

"IfIwereKing,youshouldbeQueen".Whatisthe"impliednegative",Frieda?

Frieda:Theimpliednegativeis"...butheisnotKing"and"sheisnotQueen".

Mr.Priest1ey:NowIthinkyouallunderstandthepoint,soIwillrepeatwhatIsaidatfirst.

CocnaraTeJihHoeHaKJioHemreynoTpe6.JUleTC5IBycJIOBHhIXrrpM,Z1;aToqHhIX rrperoio2Kemrnx,rro,IJ,pa3YMeBaH0Tp11:r1;aHMe.

HarrpMMep:

YCJ106uoenpuiJamo•moe lloiJpa3yMe6aemcaompuu,auue

IfIwerecaptainofthe ship Iamnotthecaptain

IfJohnwerehere Johnisnothere

IfIwereKing IamnotKing

AndIwantyoutolookagainattheverbsinthesecondi­tionalclauses.

IfIwerecaptain;ifJohnwerehere;ifIwereKing.WiththepronounsIandhe-bothsingularnumber-youwouldex­pect asingularverb,am,is,was.Theformwereisgenerallyonlyusedfortheplural.Butinthe sentencesIhavejustgivenyouwereisnotplural,butSubjunctive.ThatoneconstructionifIwere,ifyouwere,ifhewere,iftheywere,etc.,ispracticallytheonlyexamplewehaveinmodernEnglishoftheSubjunc­tiveMoodexpressedbytheformoftheverb.

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. BcTaBLTelfYlKHh Hmaro.JI(CocJiaraTeJILHoenaKJioneuue):

   1. Long-ourQueenreign.

2. IfI-youwouldaccepttheoffer.

3. Itwillbe goodmatch.-thebestmanwin.

4. IfHob-here,wecouldstartthelesson.

5. Long-theQueen.

6.Hewishedthathe-seehischildrenagain.

7. Ifyou-theonlygirlintheworld,andI-theonlyboy,therewouldbesuchwonderful thingstodo.

8. Ifthey-richtheycouldbuyanewcar.

9. HeisgoingtoItaly sothathe-getwellagain.

10. Hehasservedhiscountrywell.-henowenjoyahappyoldage.

2. YKIDKllTe,BKaKOMuaKJioueuuu(H3'hBBHTeJihHOM,noBeJIHTeJihHOMHJIHCOCJiaraTeJibHOM)CTOBTBbl,!l,eJieHHblemarOJiblBnpeMO)KeHHBX:

   1. Areyoucoming?

2. Hurryup!

3. Heisalwayslate.

4. MayIlivetoseethedaywhenheisearly.

5. Don'tdropthatcup.

6. Hewishedthathemightgetallthesentencesright.

7. TowhommustIgivethemoney?

8. TheSchoolofEnglishisjustpastSt.John'sCollege.

9. OnAugust3rdIstartmyholiday.Maythatdaycomequickly.

10.Putdownyourpens.

3. BCJie)JJ'IOIUHXnpeMO)KeHHBXYKIDKHTe«noi1,pa3YMeBaeMoe0Tpn-11aune».

   1. IfyouwereHenrywhatwouldyoudo?

2. IfIwereabirdIwouldn'tsing inacage.

3. IfGeorgewereherehewouldtellustheanswer.

4. "IfyouweretheonlygirlintheworldandIweretheonly boy..."(Popularsong.)

BKaKoMHaKJioHeHMMHaxo,ll,MTCHcnoBowereB3TMXrrpe,ll,­

noxemrnx?IJoqeMY?

IV.HannmHTenBThnpeMO)KeunH:cyCJIOBHhMHnpHiJ,aTO'IHhMHc«nOiJ,­Pa3YMeBaeML M0Tpn11auneM».

Themanwhodidn'tlikewashingupCne.nyroru:MecnoBarroMOryTBaMBOTBeTax:

apron, blush,bowl,kitchen, mop,propose(proposal},scullery,sink(noun),steam,wedding.

Picture1.ThisisGeorgeRobinson.Whatishedoing?What'sthedifferencebetweenwashingandwashingup?Inwhatroomdoesoneusuallywashup?WhatitGeorgeholdinginhisrighthand?Whatisheholdinginhislefthand?Whatishewearingroundhiswaist?Why?Whatdoesthewater comeoutof?Whatisholdingthewater?Whatisthebowlstandingin?Isthewaterhotorcold?Howdoyouknow?DoesGeorgelookhappyorunhappy?Why?Whatroomcanyouseethroughtheopendoor?Whatfurniturecanyouseeintheroom?

Picture2.Georgeislookinghappier;why?Whatthought doyouthinkisinGeorge'smind?

Picture3.WhichroomisGeorgeinnow?Whatishedoing?

Whatdoyouthinkheissaying?

Picture4.TheladyisLizzieAppleton.WhatisGeorgedoingnow?Whatdoyouthinkheissaying?Whatcolourare Lizzie'scheeks?Why?Whatcanyousayabouthereyes?

Picture5.Whathashappened?Whatplacearetheyleaving?WhatisLizziecarryinginherhand?Whatcolourdoyouthinkherdress is?

Picture6.Whichpictureisalmostexactlylikethisone?

Whatistheonlydifference?

LESSON11

CONDITIONS

BypoKe,r,ri;eroBopIDioc1>0606cTmITeJI1>crneHH1>1xrrpM,I1;a­ToqH1>1xrrpe.ri:Jio)Kemurx,BaMBCTpeTMJIMChrrpM.ri:aToqH1>1errpe.ll:JIO)KeHiurTMrra:

Olaf willpasshisexaminationifheworkshard.

Wewillhelpyouifyouneedhelp.

Icannotdrinkcoffeeunlessitiswellmade.

3TMrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHlrnrrpOCTO03HaqmoT:

"IfOlafworkshewillpasshisexamination;ifhedoesn'theprobablywon'tpass"."Ifyouaskuswewillhelpyou;ifyoudon'taskus,thenwewon'thelpyou.IfthecoffeeisgoodIcandrinkit;ifitisn't,well,Ican't"."Olafmayworkhard-orhemaynot;youmayaskforhelp-oryoumaynot".

TaKMerrpe.ll:JIO)KemrnHa31>IBaIOTCHrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMHMM«OT­Kp1>1ToroTMrra»(opencondition).06paTMTeBHMMaHMeHaKOHCTPYKQMIO«OTKPbITOroycJIOBMH».fnaroJIrrpM,ll;aToqHoroycJIOBHOroCTOMTBrrpOCTOMHaCTOHliieMBpeMeHM,rnaroJIrJiaBHOrorrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMH-BrrpocTOM6y.ll:YIIIeMBpeMeHM.

HoecT1>M.ri:pyro:H:TMIIycnoBHOrorrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMH.HM)KerrpMBO.ll:JlTCJlrrpMMepbITaKMXrrpe.ri:JIO)KeHMMrrapaJIJieJibHOcrrpe.ll:JIO)KeHMHMM«OTKpbITOroycJIOBMH».

A(OpenCondition) B

IfHobworkshard,hewill IfHobworkedhard,helearngrammar. wouldlearngrammar.

Iwillhelphimifhe Iwouldhelphimifheasksme. askedme.

Hewilldotheworkif Hewoulddotheworkifhehehastime. hadtime.

Ishallgoforawalkifthe Ishouldgoforawalkiftherainstops. rainstopped.

IshallspeakifIamsureofIshouldspeakifIweretheanswer. sureoftheanswer.

Mr.Priest1ey:Doyounoticeanythingaboutthesen­tencesmarkedB,Pedro?

Pedro:Well,thePresentTense,work,help,will,shall,hasbecomethePastTense,worked,helped,would,should.

Mr.Priest1ey:Yes,quitetrue,butdoyouseeanythingelse?Thinkbacktoourlastgrammarlesson.WhenIsay:"IfHobworkedhard,hewouldlearngrammar",whatdoIimply?

Pedro:Oh,Iseeit;youimplythathedoesn'tworkhard.

It'san"impliednegative".It'sliketheSubjunctive!

Mr.Priest1ey:Exactly.Infact,oneofthewaysofshow­ingtheSubjunctiveisbyusingshouldandwould.Andalltheothersentencesarethesame.

"Iwouldhelphimifheaskedme"implies"buthedoesn'taskme".

"...ifIweresureoftheanswer"implies"...butIamnotsureoftheanswer".

Brpyrrrre«A»-rrpe,IJ,JIO)Kemrn«OTKpbnoroycJIOBIDI»(OpenCondition);

Brpyrrrre«B»-ycJIOBHbierrpM,ll;aToqHbieBcocJiaraTeJibHOMHaKJioHemur(SubjunctiveCondition).

Hob:Irememberafellowoncesaidtome:"WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadLordMoneybags'income?"

Jan:Heimpliedthatyouhadn'tanincomeasbigasLordMoneybags'.

Hob:Ihaven't!

Lucille:Sowhatdidyousay?

Hob:I said,"WhatwouldLordMoneybagsdoifhehadanincomelikemine?"

Mr.Priest1ey:I'llalsotellyouastory.Hob:Ohyes,sir,pleasedo.

Mr.Priest1ey:Well,oneday,whenmydaughterMar­garetwasquitealittlegirl,shecameintodinnerwithdirtyhands.Isaidtoher,"Margaret,whatwouldyousayifmyhandswereasdirtyasyourswhenIcametodinner?"(imply­ing,ofcourse,thatmyhandswerenotasdirtyashers).

Luci11e:Andwhatdidshesay?

Mr.Priest1ey:Shesaid:"Ifyourhandswereasdirtyasmine,Ishouldbetoopolitetosayanythingaboutit".

Frieda:Margaretcertainlyknewwhatanimpliednega­tivewas!

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. BcTaBhTenpaBH.JihnyIOlf>OPMYrnaroJia:

   1. I willseeJohnifl-toOxford.

2. Ifyoulendmetwopounds,I-payyoubacktomorrow.

3. Ishallgooutforcoffeeatelevenifmyessay-finished.

4. LucillewillflytoParisifshe-getaticket.

5. Ifitis nottoocold,I-goforaswim.

6. Ifhebehavesbadly,I-haveatalkwithhim.

7. Ifyoustirthesugar,thetea-besweeter.

8. Youwillwinmuchpraiseifyou-yourduty.

9. Thesecretary-helpyouifyouhaveanydifficulties.

10. Ishallbeverymuchsurprisedifthesesandwichesfresh.

2. HaimuTeBynpurneuuuIycJIOBHLenpeolKeHIDI.

3. KaKUeHl CJie;zyro111uxnpeolKeuuH:npH,l1;aT011uL1e«OTKPLToroyCJIOBHH»,aKaKHe-ycJIOBHbienplf,lJ;aTO'IHbieBCOCJiaraTeJibHOMua­KJIOHeuuu?

   1. Ifitisnotfoggytomorrow,wewillcome.

2. IfIsawhim,Iwouldspeaktohim.

3. I wouldplayfootballifyouaskedme.

4. Ifyouareright,thenIamwrong.

5. Ifyougavethatanswer,youwouldbewrong.

6. Ifhespoketome,Ishouldspeaktohim.

7. Ifheaskedformoney,wouldyougivehimany?

8. Willyougivehimmoneyifheasksforit?

9. Ifitwerenotsofoggy,wewouldplayfootball.

10. Ifhefeelshungry,hewilleathisdinner.

4. C11.eJianTenpeolKeuuuH3ynpurneumIIyCJIOBHLIMHnpH,l1;aT011-HbMHBcocJiaraTeJILHOMuaKJioueuuu.

LESSON12

THEPASTCONDITIONAL

Brrpe,r:i:hmy:rn;eMypoKeBrrpM,IJ;aToqHhIXycnoBHhIX,CT051IIIMXBcocnaraTeJihHOMHaKJioHeHMM,BaMBCTpeTMJIMChrnaroJihIworked,helped,would,should.IIHTepecHoOTMeTMTh,qTo,XOT51OHMMCT051TBrrporne,r:i:rneMBpeMeHM,MX3HaqeHMeOTHOCMT­C51KHaCT051IIIeMYBpeMeHM.OHM03Haqa10Tcne,r:i:yIOIIIee:

...ifHobworkedhardNOW(buthedoesn'tworkhardNOW).

...ifheneededhelpNOW(buthedoesn'tneedhelpNOW).

...ifhehadtimeNOW.

...iftherainstoppedNOW.

...ifIknewtheanswerNOW.

,[(pyrMMMCJIOBaMM,BCe3TMrrpe,r:i:JIO)K:eHM51OTHOC51TC51

KycJIOBHbIMrrpe,r:i:JIO)K:eHM5IMBCOCJiaraTeJibHOMHaKJIOHeHMMco3HaqeHMeMHaCT051IIIeroBpeMeHM.

EcThTaK)K:eycnoBHhierrpe,r:i:JIO)K:eHM51BcocnaraTeJihHOMHaKJioHeHMMco3HaqeHMeMrrporne,r:i:rneroBpeMeHM.BoTKaKOHM o6pa3YIQTC51:

"Hobwouldhavelearnedgrammarifhehadworkedhard"(buthedidn'tworkhard-inthepast,andhedidn'tlearngram­marinthepast).

"Iwouldhavehelpedhimifhehadneededhelp"(buthedidn'tneedhelpinthepast,andIdidn'thelphiminthepast).

"Hewouldhavedonethework,ifhehadhadtime".

"Ishouldhavegoneforawalkiftherainhadstopped''.

"IshouldhavespokenifIhadbeensureoftheanswer".

Hob:ItremindsmeofanIrishmanIknow.Afriendofhissaidtohim"Ihearyourmother-in-lawhasdied.Howlonghasshebeendead?"TheIrishmanreplied"Ifshehadlivedtilltomorrow,shewouldhavebeendeadthreemonths".

Mr.Priest1ey:Asyoucansee,wemakethePastCon­ditionalbyusingwould(should)haveandapastparticipleinthePrincipalClause,andthePastPerfectTenseintheCondi­tionalClause.

BOTeIIIeHeCKOJihKOrrpMMepoB3TMXTpexKOHCTpYKIJ:UH

,r:i:JI5InyqrneroMXIIOHMMaHM51:

0TKpbITOeycJioeue.Ifthemasterpayshimproperly,theworkmanwillworkwell.

YcJioeuoeuacTm1111ee.Ifthemasterpaidhimproperly,theworkmanwouldworkwell.

YcJiosuoenpome)J.mee.Ifthemasterhadpaidhimproperly,theworkmanwouldhaveworkedwell.

0TKpbITOeycJiosue.Ifthesestampsaregenuine,theywillbeworthalotofmoney.

YcJiosuoeuacTm1111ee.Ifthesestampsweregenuine,theywouldbeworthalotofmoney.

YcJiosuoenpome)J,lllee.Ifthesestampshadbeengenuine,theywouldhavebeenworthalotofmoney.

0TKpbITOeycJiosue.IfIknowwhatyouwant,Iwillbuyyouapresent.

YcJiosuoeuacTOHUiee.IfIknewwhatyouwanted,Iwouldbuyyouapresent.

YCJiosuoe npome)J.lllee.IfIhadknownwhatyouhadwanted,Iwouldhaveboughtyouapresent.

BeeTpHKOHCTpYKIJ:HH rrpe;::i;crnBJieHhIBTa6nm.1;e:

PrincipalClause ConditionalClause

OPENCONDITION

hewilllearn ifheworks(SimplePresent)

b

PRESENT hewouldlearnCONDITIONAL

s

ifheworked(SimplePresent)

tZl

PAST hewouldhaveCONDITIONAL learned

ifhehadworked(PastPresent)

YnPA>KHEHIHI

1. Ilpeo6pa3yiiTenpeAJI01KeHIDIB(a)yCJioBuoeuacTOBUiee,(6)ycJIOB­uoenpome;:uuee.

   1. Iwillgoifyouwantmeto.

      1. Iwouldgoifyouwantedmeto.

      2. Iwould havegoneifyouhadwantedmeto.

2. Ifyouhelpmewiththechairs,theroomwillsoonbeready.

3. Ifitrains,weshan'thavethepicnic.

4. YouwillseetheEiffelTowerifyougotoParis.

5. Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutthisexercise,Mr.Priestleywillhelpyou.

6. IfIreceiveanynews,Ishallletyouknow.

7. Ifyouwantto,weshalltakeaboatoutontheAvon.

8. Iwillironyourshirtifyoubringittome.

9. Ifyoubringthatbucket,I'llfillitwithwater.

10. Ifyouhitthatboxeronthenose,hewillhityoumuchharder.

11. Youwillbecomeastrongmanifyoueatporridge.

12. Ifthesesausagesarenice,Ishallgotothebutcherforsomemore.

13. YouwillhaverollsandcoffeeforbreakfastifyougototheContinent.

14. Ifthemanagerisin,thesecretarywilltellyou.

15. Iftheblousematchesthisskirt, Iwillbuy it.

16. Ifyoudothat,youwillbeallright.

17. Ifthe catishungry,Iwillgiveitsomefood.

18. Ifitrains,thegarden-partywilfbespoiled.

19. Fredwillpasshisexaminationifheworks.

20. IwillgivehimthemoneyifIseehim.

21. Ifyoudrinkthat,ifwillkillyou.

22. Theboywillpostyourletterifyougiveittohim.

23. Itwillbesaferifyoudon'tgivehimthemoney.

24. Ifyoudon'twearathickcoat,youwillbeverycold.

tlJJ KoHTPOnbHASIPA&OTANo.l

1. IlocTaBhTerJiarOJihIBrrpe,IV10BCeum1xBrrpome)J,meeBpeMJIuua3oBu­Teero:

   1. IthinkIcanhavelunchonthetrain.

   2. ThebuildingisveryuglyandIcanneverliveinit.

   3. Ihavesixpencetospend.

   4. Youaredoingthisexercisewell.

   5. HegivesmesomuchthatIfeelIcan'trepayhim.

   6. Doyouwishtomarrymydaughter?

   7. Iamhopingthattheweatherwillbefine.

   8. Hobgetsthesentencewrong,buthe'sstillcheerful.

   9. Youwillfinishyourworkbynineo'clock.

(UseFuturePeifectTense.)

10. Idon'texpectthatmypaintingwillwinaprize.

1. Ilpeo6pa3yiiTerrpJIMYfOpe11hBKOCBeuuyro:

   1. Mr.Priestleyasked,"Areallmystudenlshere?"

   2. Joesaid,"Thatcarwillcostalotofmoney".

   3. Lucillesaid,"IknowwhereIcangetacheaperone".

   4. Theportersaid,"Ihaveputyourluggageonthetrain".

   5. Pedroasked,"Howmuchisthatbluesuit?"

   6. Theteachertotheboys:"Openyourbooks".

   7. Andrew:"Whenwillteabeready?"

   8. Mrs.Priestleytothebaker:"Don'tleaveanybreadtomorrow".

   9. Grandmasaid,"Iamhavingtroublewithmyfalseteeth".

10.PedrototheWaiter:"Whyisn'tthistableclothclean?"

3. 06'be,!UIHHTenpeAJIO)KeHIDI,HCDOJib3YJI OTHOCHTeJibHOeMeCTOHMe­uueBMecToBbl,ll,eJieuuoroCJIOBa.(HanpnMep:Ihaveboughtanewcar.Ipaid£540forit.-IhaveboughtanewcarforwhichIpaid£540).

   1. ThisisOlaf.HearrivedatNewcastlethismorning.

2. Here'sthebook.Itoldyouaboutit.

3. Thathenhasescapedagain.You ateitseggforbreakfast.

4. Lookattheblackbird.Weheardhimsingingthismorning.

5. Whatisthenameofthatlady?Shealwaysdressescharmingly.

6. Whereismymoney?Ileftitherelastnight.

7. Youcancollecttheticketsfromthebookingoffice.Ipaidforthemyesterday.

8. Andrewgoestoaboarding-school.Theschoolhasagoodreputation.

9. IwenttothecollegeinOxfordlastweek-end.Iusedtoliveinit.

10. Putitinthebook-case.Thebook-casestandsby thefireplace.

3. (a)Haii,!UiTenpH,ZJ,aTOquoenpeAJIO)Keuue.

(6)Onpe,!1,eJinTeeroTun.

(u)faMennTeupeMHuanpome)J,mee.

1.Hesaysthesesentenceswillbeeasy.

2. Whatyouarewritingisallwrong.

3. Becausemypassporthasn'tcome,IhavetospendthenightatHarwich.

4. Ilockthedoorsothataburglarcan'tgetin.

5. Hepromisesthatitwon'thappenagain.

5. 3aKouqnTecJie,!Q'IOenpeAJIO)KeunH:

   1. Unless...Ishan'tcometothishotelagain.

2. Assoonasthemealwasfinished,Hob...

3. Idon'tthinkthat...

4. After...theaerodromewassilent.

5. Theactressissobad-temperedthat...

6. IfIwerePrimeMinister...

7. Youshouldhaveknownthat...

8. ...sothatIshouldnotmisstheplaneforBerne.

9. Mayyoulivetoseetheday...

10. Weshallgoforabathe,if...

VI.(a)qTO TaKoe«D0,!1,paJYMeBaeMoeOTpunauue»?Ilpuue)J,HTenpHMep.

(6)Ha30BHTeTPHuaKJioueunH.Ilpuue,!UITenpnMepuaKoe.

(B)IIocTaBLTemaroJihIBnperoio)Keum1xBlfYlKHYIO!l>opMyuon­peiJ,eJinTeBHiJ.uaKJioueum1.

1. Don't(leave)metodoallthework.

2. Ifyou(eat)somuch, youwillbeill.

3. IfI(be)you,Ishouldbeverycareful.

4. God(save)theQueen.

5. (Go)homeatonce!

6. Where(be)themoneyyoupromisedme?

7. Youwouldneverhaveknownifl(nottell)you.

8. I(study)Englishforthreeyearsnow.

7. OnpoBepruuTeBhICKa3bIBamm,ucnoJib3YHKPaTKue!l>opMbI.(Ha­npuMep:"Itrainedyesterday".-"No,itdidn't").

   1. JohnisatCambridge.

2. Hobcan'teatthebreakfast.

3. Thepainterpaidthreepounds.

4. Jandoesn'tlikeFrieda.

5. I'mnotgoingtogetupyet.

6. Youdidn'tdothatexerciseverywell.

7. Thelasttrainhasgone.

8. Mrs.Priestleytakessugarinhertea.

9. Ishallleavehereatsixo'clock.

10. Theyhadn'twashedthedishes.

2. pHiJ.YMailTeBonpocL1,uaKOTOpL1eMO)KHO6LIJIO6L1)J,aThCJieiJ.Y­

roeOTBeTh:

1. No,Idon't.

2. Ithasstoppedraining.

3. Fourandsixpence,sir.

4. Yes,ifyouhurry.

5. It'saquartertofour.

6. YoucangetagoodcupatSusan'sCafe.

7. The14buswilltakeyouthere.

8. He'scalledJock.

9. Yes,if youwantto.

10. That'sBigBen.

Coquueuue

HanumuTeue60.11LmoiipaccKa3(oKo.110200c.110B)uaOiJ.HYu3c.11eiJ.YIO­m;uxTeM:

(a)Ilocern;emi:e6oJibIIIororopo,ll,a.

(6)MopcKoerryreIIIecTmi:e.

(B)CeMhHYMITMH3.

10. BuuMaTeJILHOnpoqTnTec.11eiJ.YIOm;niioTpbBOK,a3aTeMBhIDOJIHHTe3a)J,aHHHDOCJieTeKCTa.

SincehisretirementUncleGeorgehadbecomeafrequentvisitoratartexhibitions,andAuntJudithwas pleasednotonlybecauseitdidnotcostmuchbutalsobecauseitmadeagoodimpressionontheneighbours.However,afteratime,Uncle,notcontentwithjustlookingatthepictures,begantobuythemandhiswife'spleasuregrewless.

WhathappenedwhenUnclereturnedhomewithhislatestpicturewasalwaysthesame.AuntJudith'swelcomeusedtodieonherlipsasshesawthelargeparcelunderhisarm,butUncleneverseemedtonotice.Hewouldrushpasthiswife,placetheparcelonthehalltableandwithexcitedfingersbegintountietheknots.

1. Ilpirne)l,MTecnoBaMJIMcnoBocoqernmrn,6JIM3KMeno3HaqeHMIOIIPMBO)l,MMbIMHIDKeCJIOBaMMCJIOBOcoqeTamrnM:

   1. Sincehisretirement

   2. hadbecomeafrequentvisitor

   3. neighbours

   4. place

   5. parcel

2. IloqeMYTezyrnKaIO/l,MTo6pMOBaJiach,KOr)l,aeeM)7)K

CTaJIXO)l,MTbHaxy)l,O)l(eCTBeHHbieBbICTaBKM?

2. IloqeMYII03)l,HeeeePMOCThrroy6aBMJiacb?

3. qTOHaXO)l,MJIOCbB6oJibIIIOMCBepTKe?

4. BoBTopoMa63au:eHa30BMTe)],BeBeI:o;M,KOTOph1eYKa-3hIBaIOTHa60JibIIIOHMHTepec)J)l,Il,M.Il:)l(Op)l,)l(aKMCKYCCTBy.

LESSON13

"SHOULD"AND"WOULD"

CYMMMpyeMBeeyrroTpe6nemrnrnaronoBshouldMwould.

(1)OHMMCIIOJih3YJOTC51KaK<PopMhIrrpmrre,n:rneroBpeMe­HMrnaronoBshallMwill,n:JI5Io6pa3oBaHH51BpeMeHM«6y,n:yrrieeBrrporne,n:rneM».

2. OHMMCIIOJih3YJOTC51BycnoBHhIXrrp11,n:aTOqHhIXBco­cnaraTeJihHOMHaKJIOHeHHHcrro,n:pa3)'MeBaeMhIMOT]JHilaHMeM.3TM,n:BayrroTpe6neHM51HaM e M3BeCTHhI.HoecTh

M,n:pyme.

2. ShouldMCIIOJih3yeTC51,qT06h1rroKa3aTho6maHHOCTh(duty)HJIM,n:oJDKeHcTBoBaHMe(obligation).B3TOM3HaqeHMMOHcxo,n:eHcrnaronoMought.HarrpMMep:

Youshoulddobetterworkthanthis(=yououghttodobetterworkthanthis).

Ifhelefthereatfouro'clockheshould(=oughtto)behomebynow.

Thestudentsshould(=oughtto)knowbynowthattheteacherwon'tacceptbadwork.

Youshouldn't(=oughtn'tto)eatpeaswithaknife.

Hob:OnedayIheardAuntAggietalkingtoaworkman.Shesaid,"WhenIuseahammerIalwayshitmythumbwithit.WhatshouldIdotopreventthat?"Hesaid,"TheonlythingthatIcanthinkof,madam,isthatyoushouldholdtheham­merwithbothhands".

Pedro:Iknewapoet(notaverygoodpoet)whosaidtoafriend,"DoyouthinkIshouldputmorefireintomypo­ems?"Hisfriendsaid,"No,Ireallythinkyoushouldputmoreofyourpoemsinthefire".

Hob:Oh,Imusttellyouaboutmyyoungcousin,Ted.Onedayhecamedownstairscryingloudly."What'sthematternow?"Isaid."Fatherwashanginga pictureandhithisthumbwiththehammer",saidTed."Well",Isaid,"that'snotseri­ous.Abigboylikeyoushouldn'tcryaboutalittlethinglikethat.Whydon'tyoulaugh?""Idid",saidTed.

Mr.Priest1ey:Wealsoexpresstheideaofpast obligationordutybymeansofshouldandthePerfectInfinitive,likethis:

"Youshouldhavedonebetterworkthatthis".(=Yououghttohavedonebetterworkthanthis.)

"Youshouldhaveknownbynowthattheteacherwon'tacceptbadwork".

"Youshouldn'thaveeatenyourpeaswithaknife".Or,totakeHob'sstory:

"WhatshouldIhavedonetopreventthat?"

"Youshouldhaveheldthehammerwithbothhands".

4. Shouldandwouldareusedtoexpressawish,e.g.

Weshouldliketoknowwhatheisgoingtodonext(=wewish weknew what...).

IshouldlikeyoutoplaysomeChopinforme(=Iwishyouwould...).

Hobwouldliketoknowwhenthislessonisgoingtoend.(hewishesheknewwhen...).

4. Wouldissometimesusedinmakingrequests(especiallyinthephrase"Wouldyoumind...?")becausewefeelitisrathermorepolitethanadirectImperativeorwill,e.g.

"Wouldyoushutthedoor,please?"

(Imperative-Shutthedoor,please.With"wilf':Willyoushutthedoor,please?)

Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow,please?

Wouldyoumindpassingmethesalt?

Hob:Youknowthatremindsme ofastoryoftheoldgentlemanandtheimpolitelittleboy.Itgoeslikethis:

OldGentleman:WouldyoumindtellingmethewaytotheLondonHomeforLostDogs?

LittleBoy:It'salongway;areyouinahurry?

OldGeltleman:Yes,Iam.

LittleBoy:Then,ifIwereyou,Ishouldbiteapoliceman.

Mr.Priest1ey:Thereisjustoneotheruseofshouldand

wouldthatIwanttomention.

4. TheyaresometimesusedinanAdverbialClauseofPurpose,e.g.

"Igotupearly,sothatIshouldnotbelateforthetrain"."Hobhadagoodbreakfast,sothathewouldn'tfeelhungry

before11o'clock".

Andthat'senoughofshouldandwould.

YnPA>KHEHHSI

1. IlepenumuTenpeAJIO:lKeHHH,ucnoJib3YHshouldBMeCTOoughtto:

   1. Heoughttoworkmuchharder.

   2. AuntAggieoughttoholdthehammerwithbothhands.

   3. Yououghtn'ttocryaboutalittlethinglikethat.

   4. Thechildrenoughttobeasleepbynow.

   5. Thatbicycleoughttobebigenoughfor you.

   6. Hoboughttohavepassedthatexam.

   7. MydoctorsaysthatIoughtn'ttoliftheavythings.

   8. Yououghtn'ttohavesmokedacigaretteinclass.

   9. WhatoughtTedtohavedone,whenhisfatherhithisthumb?

   10. Heoughttohavekeptquiet.

   11. Yououghttosee aShakespeare'splayifyougotoStratford.

   12. Mr.Wigginsreallyoughtto buyanewcar.

   13. Theboyoughttobepunished.

   14. Allthesepapersoughtnottobeleftontheground.

   15. Ireallyoughttogetonwithmywork.

2. BcTaBhTeBnponycKHwouldushould.

   1. I-liketohearthatsongagain.

   2. DoyouthinkI-takeaholiday.

   3. No,it-bebetterifyougotonwithyourwork.

   4. -youmindcarvingthemeat?

   5. Theboys-playmorequietly.

   6. Thefire-haveburnedbetter,ifIhadmorewood.

   7. IfIwereyou,I-goforabathenow.

   8. I-liketoknowwhenwewillhavebreakfast.

   9. Mylandlady-nottrytomakecoffee.

   10. Heworkedhardsothathe-passthe exam.

3. HanumuTeBBe:lKJIHBOHcl>opMeCJie;zyromuenpocb6hl,ua11uuaHCJIO­BaMu"Wouldyoumind...?"u3aKaH'IHBaHCJIOBOM''please".(Hanpu­Mep:Comehere.-Wouldyoumindcominghere,please?)

   1. Openthewindow.

   2. Stopthecar.

   3. Getonwithyourwork.

4. TellTimothytocomehereatonce.

5. Talklessloudly.

6.Goaway.

7. Holdthishammer.

8. Repeatthatsentence.

9.Payatthebooking-office.