Вариант 5
/. Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем как можно больше интернациональных слов, переведите их.
Insurance
A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by insurance. Some of the commoner risks which are usual for businesses and private individuals are as follows: the destruction of property by fire, losses arising from burglary or other causes, goods in transit, motor vehicles, third party claims arising out of accidents, From past experience the probability of many risks can be calculated with great accuracy.
In Great Britain insurance business is conducted by insurance companies. The client or the prospective insured first approaches the insurance broker who then puts the client in touch with the insurer.
The insurer issues an insurance policy for the insured. It is a document setting out the exact terms and conditions of the insurance transaction, It states the precise risk covered, the period of cover and any exceptions there may be. The insured is to pay a premium the size of which is stated in the policy. In many countries insurance against sickness, unemployment and old age is undertaken by the state. In Great Britain this insurance is undertaken by the state through the National Health Service. The employees' contributions are deducted from their wages and salaries.
The main benefits of this insurance include: retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, or reliefs, sickness benefits, maternity grants, industrial injuries, family allowances.
One of the main branches of insurance is life insurance. It is a comparatively recent type of insurance. Life insurance is different from all other branches of insurance. In case of insurance there all is no certainty that the insured may face the risk against which he has been insured. The risk may never occur. But in case of life assurance the risk is certain to occur sooner or later. The only uncertainty is the time of occurrences. There are two types of life assurance: endowment and whole life assurance.
Endowment assurance is provided for a special number of years or until the attainment of a certain age. The sum assured is paid either at the agreed time or on the death of the assured.
Whole life is less popular. The premiums must be paid to the assuror until the death of the insured.
Premiums tor endowment and whole life assurance are paid quarterly or annually.
Industrial assurance is a branch of life assurance. Industrial assurance policies are usually for small amounts. The premiums are collected weekly by the company's agents.
The largest life assurance company in Great Britain is Prudential Assurance Co., established in 1845. Besides all kinds of life assurance Prudential Assurance Company undertakes many types of insurance.
Many banks provide various insurance services: home protector, travel protector, private medical insurance, life assurance, accident and sickness insurance, personal loan protector, mortgage repayments protector.
Marine insurance is the branch of insurance of ships and their cargoes. It is perhaps the oldest kind of insurance.
This type of business is undertaken in Great Britain by Llod's underwriters, marine insurance companies and marine insurance brokers. Brokers are usually employed by shippers to approach Llod's underwriters in order to obtain the cover.
In all these cases the average adjuster or the independent insurance specialist makes an average adjustment to assess the losses and to split them between the insurance company or the underwriters, the ship-owners, the owners of the" cargo and other involved if such is the case.
Lloyd's is best known as a centre of marine insurance, but at the same time all kinds of insurance are practiced there. In fact, at the present day marine insurance comprises less than half the total business undertaken. Almost anything can be insured there as well: aircraft, communication satellites, civil engineering projects, livestock and so on.
Besides they do some business in travels, publishing and land. It exists because it has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of the day. Lloyd's motto Fidentia means confidence in the future.
II. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова, переведите их и выучите:
established, besides, comparatively, confidence, largest, owner, advertising, adjustment, allowance, sickness, usually, contribution, to mean, engineering, directly, deducted, less, repayment, adjuster, oldest, to occur against, communications, certainly, publishing, known, mishap, these occurance, weekly, accuracy.
III. Образуйте от следующих основ как молено больше родственных слое, переведите их на русский язык:
employ
negoti
insure
pay
ship
IV. Разделите текст на смысловые части, озаглавьте каждую из них.
V. Найдите в тексте слова с отрицательными суффиксами и префиксами, их адекватный перевод.
VI. Переведите на русский язык:
to undertake insurance premium
endowment assurance underwriter to split losses
to evolve over the centuries average adjustment to assure smb
VII. Найдите предложение, которое наиболее соответствует содержанию следующей фразе текста:
"Lloyd's exists because it has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of the day"
VIII. В следующих предложениях определите видо-временную форму глаголов или укажите неличные формы, называя их:
Besides they do some business in travels, publishing and land.
A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by insurance.
In case of insurance there all is no certainty that the insured may face the risk against which he has been insured.
In all these cases the average adjuster or the independent insurance specialist makes an average adjustment to assess the losses and to split them between the insurance company or the underwriters, the ship-owners, the owners of the cargo and other involved if such is the case.
The premiums must be paid to the assurer until the death of the insured.
IX. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов:
illness
deal
there be
to estimate
to happen
to run business
customer
to declare
IX. Составьте слова с их определениями:
to jettison - to quit a job because of the old age mortgage - marine load
salary - to throw away the cargo in case of average
to retire - a fixed sum of money paid monthly or weekly
cargo - a kind of transaction when someone's property is taken as a
security
XI. Переведите на английский язык:
удовлетворять требованиям познакомить (связать) кого-либо с кем-либо сталкиваться с чем-либо достижение определенного возраста предоставлять услуги
XII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
What types of insurance are practiced in the United Kingdom?
What Nat West insurance service would you prefer if you arc going: to travel abroad; to buy a house; to have your life assured; to insure yourself against accidents; to borrow a loan?
- What is Lloyd's best known for?
What variety of services do British banks traditionally provide?
Which looks more complicated to you marine insurance or life assurance? Why so?
XIII. Скажите, расширяет ли информация, данная в текста, ваше понимание освещаемого вопроса Каким образом вы можете использовать эту информацию при работе по специальности.
Прочитайте тексты и выполните задания
INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
In the past English industrial prosperity rested on a few important products, such as textiles, coal and heavy machinery. Now the U.K. has a great variety of industries, for example heavy and light industry, chemical, aircraft, electrical, automobile and many other industries. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world's major manufacturing nations. Now high technology industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional industries have experienced a certain decline. Certain areas are traditionally noted for various types of industries. For instance, Newcastle is famous for coal industry, the county of Lancashire tor its textile industry. The Midlands, or the central counties of England-are famous for the production of machinery, coal, motor cars and chemicals. In recent times regional industrial distinctions have become less clear as more and more new factories are built in the different parts of the country. Speaking about the cities of the United Kingdom the first mention should he made of London, the capital of the U.K. It is a big port on the River Thames, a major commercial, industrial centre.
Leeds is a centre of clothing industry producing woolen articles. Glasgow is a major port on the River Clyde where shipbuilding industry is developed. Liverpool on the River Mersey is a flour milling and engineering centre. Birmingham is an iron and steel centre. Manchester is famous for textiles manufacturing.
Three-quarters of the United Kingdom's land is dedicated to agriculture. About two per cent of the populations of the United Kingdom are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of English farms and pastures are very high. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important crops grown. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous types of livestock. Sheep is a source of both wool for textile industry and mutton for food industry. Mutton is the best liked English meat.
/. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте:
Сейчас в Англии развиты различные отрасли промышленности.
Англия считается одной из основных промышленно развитых стран.
Некоторые районы традиционно славятся той или иной отраслью промышленности.
В последнее время региональные различна по отраслям промышленности стали менее заметными.
Все больше и больше новых предприятий появляется в различных частях страны.
тяжелая промышленность, тяжелое машиностроение, продукция тяжелого машиностроения, химическая промышленность, угольная промышленность, авиационная промышленность, электротехническая промышленность, автомобильная промышленность, промышленность высоких технологий, легкая промышленность, текстильная промышленность, швейная промышленность.
XI. Найдите ответы на следующие, вопросы в тексте:
What industries were developed in England in the past?
What industries are developed in the U.K. at present?
Are high technology industries now developed more than heavy engineering?
What coal industry center is mentioned in the text?
What is a famous textile center in the U.K.?
What arc the Midlands famous for?
How are the following cities: London, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester, characterized?
What part of the population is engaged in agriculture?
What are most important crops grown in Britain?
What is the livestock in Britain?
ECONOMY OF THE U.S.A.
The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States. Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position. Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersy are biggest industrial regions of the country.
The United States has a lot of mineral deposits or resources such as coal, gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. The south, especially Texas is rich in oil. The coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of coal mines. Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska is the richest farming region of America and it is known as the Cora Beit. The land is fertile and well watered. They grow mostly com and wheat there. Much livestock is also raised here.
There is a lot of fruit raising area. For example, California oranges, grapefruit, lemons, as well as other fruits/wines and vegetables are shipped ail over the States and to other parts of the world. The most important crops grown in the States are also tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts , grapes and many others. There are a lot of large and modern cities, but a great proportion of the country consists of open land dotted with farmhouses and small towns. New York City is the first biggest city of the States. It is a financial and advertising business centre. It is also a biggest seaport of the Hudson River. Industry of consumer goods is also developed here.
Chicago is the second largest city in the U.S.A. It deals in wheat and oilier grains, cattle meat processing and manufacturing. Other big cities are Huston, an oil refining and NASA space research centre, New Orleans, a cotton industry centre, Los Angeles with Hollywood, Philadelphia, a shipping commercial centre, Detroit, a world's leading motor car producer and many others.
/. Найдите эквивалентны английских слов в тексте:
Каждый регион США имеет свои специфические черты благодаря различиям в климате, природе и географическом положении.
Земли здесь плодородны и хорошо орошаемы.
Выращивают в основном кукурузу и пшеницу.
Также разводят много скота.
Большие площади заняты здесь фруктовыми садами.
Фрукты и овощи Калифорнии вывозятся в другие штаты и страны.
Значительная часть территории — это равнина с большим количеством ферм и маленьких городов.
Деловая часть города представляет собой скопление гигантских небоскребов.
II. Найдите, что говорится в тексте о:
the biggest industrial regions of the U.S.A., New York, Chicago, Huston, New Orleans, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit, the look of a modern big city and its downtown, the look of a town and its Main Street, mineral resources of the country, the Cora Belt, the state of California.
TYPES OF BUSINESSES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Most businesses in the United Kingdom operate in one of the following ways:
Sole trader
Partnership
Limited liability company
Branch of a foreign company.
The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a farmer, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, garage man, jobber, builder, hairdresser etc.
The partnership is a firm where there are a few partners. They arc firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants etc. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership.
The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liability company. At the end of the name of such a company the word Ltd. is used. For example: Wilson and Son Ltd.
Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders.
Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones. Only public companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. The names of such companies end in p.l.e. winch stands for public limited company. For instance: John and Michael p.l.e.
Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public. The names of such companies end simply in Ltd.
A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the U.K. Usually these companies act in the U.K. under their normal foreign names.
/. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
What is the most common type of company in the U.K.?
Are all limited liability companies joint-stock companies?
What can you say about the types of the following companies: Fine Furniture Ltd., General Foods p.l.c.
II. Найдите, что говорится в тексте о:
sole traders, partnerships, public limited companies, private limited companies, branches of foreign companies
FORMS OF BUSINESSES IN THE U.S.A.
Businesses in the U.S.A. may be organized as one of the following forms:
Individual business
General partnership
Limited partnership
Corporation
Alien corporation
An individual business is owned by one person. A general partnership has got several owners. They all are liable for debts and they share in the profits. A limited partnership has got at least one general owner and one or more other owners. They have only a limited investment and a limited liability.
A Corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stockholders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations, with only a few stockholders. Other corporations are owned by many stockholders who buy and sell their shares at will. Usually they have little interest in management of the corporations.
Alien corporations are corporations of foreign countries. All the corporations are to receive their charters from the state authorities. The charters state all the powers of the corporation. Many corporations try to receive their charters from the authorities of the State of Delaware, though they operate in other states. They prefer the Stale of Delaware because the laws arc liberal there and the taxation is rather low. Such corporations, which receive their charters from an outside state are called foreign corporations.
All the corporations require a certificate to do business in the state where they prefer to operate.
/. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте:
1. Владельцы генеральных товариществ несут ответственность по долгам и участвуют в распределении прибыли.
2. Владельцы ограниченных товариществ делают ограниченные инвестиции и несут ограниченную ответственность.
3. Акционеры обычных корпораций мало интересуются вопросами управления корпорации.
4. Акционеры различных корпораций обычаи имеют сертификаты, где указано количество акций, которое они имеют.
Большинство корпораций — корпорации закрытого типа с небольшим числом акционеров.
Корпорации должны получить регистрационные документы от властей штата.
7. Корпорации должны получить сертификат (лицензию) в том штате, где они хотят функционировать.
//. Найдите, что говорится в тексте о:
individual businesses, general partnerships, limited partnerships, corporations, alien corporations, foreign corporations, charters and certificates.
SECRETARIES
There are two types of secretaries: company secretaries and private secretaries of executives. livery company, both in Great Britain and the United States, is required, tinder the law, to have a company secretary.
In the case of private companies the directors are free to appoint any suitable person for this position.
But in fee case of public companies the company secretary must be a properly qualified person, a member of a recognized institute or association. He or she may be one of the directors of the company. But if the company has only one director, the director cannot also be the secretary.
The company secretary is the chief administrative officer of the company. He or she is normally responsible for the company, to comply with company law.
The correspondence of the company secretary is particularly concerned with shareholders' meetings, board meetings and various forms that must be sent outside. The company secretary may also deal with enquiries for information concerning other firms, although the accounts department often handles these matters. Administrative questions come into the sphere of the company secretary, under instructions of the board of directors.
As to private secretaries of executives they are practically persona! assistants of executives. A secretary answers telephone calls, receives messages and makes telephone calls on the instruction of her boss.
A secretary also helps in organization of meetings and conferences, entertainments of visiting customers, suppliers and other associates of the firm. She also deals with all the correspondence of her boss.
Secretaries write letters on making appointments or travel arrangements, letters of introduction, congratulation or condolence, invitations and replies to invitations. Secretaries use various office equipment, like microcomputers, fax machines, photocopying machines and others.
I. Закончите предложения так как в тексте:
1. There are two types of secretaries...
Every company, both in Great Britain and the United States...
In the case of private companies...
But in the case of public companies...
But if the company has only one director.,,
The company secretary is the chief...
The correspondence of the company secretary is particularly concerned with...
The company secretary may also deal with enquiries...
As to private secretaries of executives...
A secretary answers...
A secretary also helps in organization...
She also deals with all the correspondence...
Secretaries write letters...
Secretaries use various office equipment, like...
II. Переведите на русский язык:
1. Не or she is normally responsible for the company, to comply with company law.
He is particularly concerned with various forms that must be sent outside.
Although the accounts department often handles these matters.
Administrative questions come into the sphere of the company secretary, under instructions of the board of directors.
As to private secretaries of executives they are practically personal assistants of executives.
A secretary answers telephone calls, receives messages and makes telephone calls on the instruction of her boss.
Secretaries write letters on making appointments or travel arrangements, letters of introduction, congratulation or condolence, invitations and replies to invitations.
Secretaries use various office equipment, like microcomputers, fax machines, photocopying machines and others.