Министерство общего и профессионального образования РФ

Иркутский государственный технический университет

Методические указания

для студентов-заочников

экономических специальностей

Иркутск 2001

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Иркутского государственного технического университета.

Английский язык. Программа, методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов-заочников Иркутского государственного технического университета / сост. Дементьева О.В., Новоселова И.Н., Развозжаева О.Ю., Ханхараева М.Ф. - Иркутск, ИрГТУ, 2001 - 69с.

Пособие состоит из программы, методических указаний и контрольных работ. Пособие предназначено для изучения и закрепления грамматических структур английского языка, лексики по специальности "юриспруденция" и "мировая экономика", а также для формирования навыков работы с текстом. Задания контрольных работ составлены но принципу "от простого к сложному", что облегчает овладение материалом.

Цель пособия: помочь студентам заочного обучения овладеть навыками самостоятельной работы с грамматическим материалом, с текстом и сформировать умение работы со словарем.

Составители: к.ф.н., доцент О.В. Дементьева

ст. преподаватель И.Н. Новоселова, ст. преподаватель О.Ю. Развозжаева, ст. преподаватель М.Ф. Ханхараева

Рецензенты: к.л.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Иркутского юридического института Генеральной прокуратуры РФ Милорадов С.А.

к.ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Иркутского государственного технического университета Попова М.И.

Иркутский государственный технический университет. 2001г.

664074 Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83

Контрольная задание № 5

Вариант 1

/. Составьте новые слова из корневых слов, представленных ниже и заполните ими пропуски.

advertise

1. Put an ... in the paper concerning your job.

2. I prefer working for different ... agencies.

3. We can't publish this material since our... don't like it.

4. Why doesn't this firm ... its services?

educate

1. How much does his family pay on their children's ...?

2. We should ... our staff in this new professional field.

3. So, you want to join our company .... What is your ... background?

manage

1. I have never aspired to any... position.

2. No, Mr. Dopson is not in. 1 can put you through his ... Mr. McTavish.

3. Sorry, I can't find out the structure of your company. Is general direction your top...?- Yes, quite right. He ... the whole company's work.

identify.

1. If you want to receive a parcel at the poet, office, you should ... yourself. - How?

2. Should I present my .. - document? - Exactly.

3. I don't believe in extraterrestrial and ... flying objects.

4. The source of this money is ... It is our usual sponsor.

II. Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем как можно больше интернациональных слов, догадайтесь об их значении.

Advertising as a Career in the USA

Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of products, services, or ideas by an identifiable individual or organization. It flourishes mainly in free-market, profit-oriented countries. It is one of the most important factors in accelerating the distribution of products and helping to raise the standard of living. Advertising cannot turn a poor product or service into a good one. But what it can do -— and does — is to create an awareness about both old and new products and services. So three main objectives of advertising are: (I) to produce knowledge about the product or service; (2) to create preference for it; and (3) to stimulate thought and action about it.

Careers in advertising may involve working for advertisers, media, advertising agencies, or suppliers and special services. In opinion of American specialists, it most, only 35 colledges and universities in the USA have effective programs of advertising education. Fewer than 10 offer my truly significant amount of graduate work in advertising. However, advertising draws people from a variety of educational backgrounds.

A variety of specialists is required in an advertising agency because it develops advertising programs, prepares advertisements, and places them in media. Those interested in advertising research and fact gathering should know both statistics and consumer psychology. Competence in media planning and evaluation is essential for a career in media. The media buyer must identify and determine the most effective media in which to expose the advertising messages, and purchase space or time in these media. Copy writing requires creative writing skills and ability to visualise ideas. The copywriter is a developer of advertising ideas and messages. Layout, typography, and visualization are essential for those in art, both for print advertising and for television commercials. Print-production specialists must know printing, photoengraving, and typography. Experience in "show business", dramatics, photography, music, playwriting, and allied fields are excellent backgrounds for the television producer. Besides, every agency needs the account executive to be a mediator between an advertiser and an agency who should have accountant background and man-agerian skills. Positions similar to some of those already described are offered by the following services that support advertising" marketing research organizations, television and radio producers, film producers, art studios, photographers, producers of display materials, typographers, photoengravers, and product and package designers. More than 0.1 ".. of the U.S. population work in advertising, but their numbers are expected to grow rapidly. Opportunities for rapid advancement are generally greater in advertising than in most other industries. How rapidly a person moves up in responsibilities and pay is based largely on his own efforts, more than on age or length of employment. For women, opportunities in advertising — at least in advertising agencies and in. retailing - tend to be greater than in most other business enterprises.

In general the rate of pay is comparable to that of business executives and professional men, such as physicians and lawyers in the same community.

III. Сгруппируйте слова по частям речи и переведите их.

Supplier, preference, fewer, truly, extensively, coordinate, copy writing, commercial, advancement, retailing, lawyer, comparable, community, offered, requires, rapidly, fewer, population, length, opportunity, advertising, greater, organization, knowledge, gathering, largely, to expect.

IV. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов и выражений и выучите

То display, to buy, a doctor, capability, to make, known, arm, to speed up, work, hiring, considerable.

V. Выберите из текста предложения содержащие модальные глаголы. Дайте адекватный перевод этих предложений, обращая внимание на модальное значение, выражаемое тем или иным глаголам.

VI. Подберите словам из левой колонки определения из правой. 1 .Retailing a) any sort of information that should be passed

2. Allied b) capable to do a kind of sophisticated work

3. Skilled c) selling goods in separate articles not in big lots

4. Flourish d) be successful separate

5. move up e) be promoted

VII. Ответьте на вопросы, опираясь на содержание прочитанного текста. 1. What is advertising?

2. What must be the country like where advertising could flourish?

3. What does advertising favor?

4. People from what educational backgrounds can make their career in advertising?

5. What abilities and special skills should people possess in order to be successful in

6. different fields of advertising business?

7. What are job prospects for American society in advertising? What does it depend on?

VIII. Перечислите все посты в рекламном бизнесе. которые человек, стремящийся сделать карьеру в этой области, может занимать.

IX. Какие специалисты принимают участие в создании рекламы или заняты деятельностью, связанной с ее созданием

X. Скажите, что нового о рекламном бизнесе ем узнали га прочитанного текста и сравните с ситуацией в нашей стране. Каким образом, вы могли бы. использовать информацию, содержащуюся в тексте, при выборе вашей будущей работы.

I. По формальным признакам определите группу подлежащего и сказуемого в предложении.

"However despite all the warning systems, a lost or stolen card, if used cautiously, is still good for twenty thousand dollars worth of fraudulent purchases in the week or so during which most stolen cards stayed unreported".

II. Определите корень в родственных словах, скажите к какой части речи они принадлежат и проанализируйте способ словообразования.

defrauding, fraudulent, fraudulently.

III. Сравните пары предложений, данные в действительном и страдательном залоге. Есть ли в них какие-либо смысловые нюансы? Какие?

1. For a larger purchase, authorization is needed.

2. To purchase a larger thing, a customer needs authorization.

3. The signal "accepted" means that the purchase has been approved.

4. The signal "accepted" means that the special program has approved the purchase.

5. The card, left in circulation, can be used fraudulently for a much greater total amount,

IV. Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем интернациональные слова, определите их значение.

In a large, dimly lighted room with acoustic walls and ceilings to deaden sound, about fifty operators — predominantly women — are sitting at a battery of monitors with a keyboard beneath each. It is here that holders of the blue, green, and gold credit cards are given or refused credit.

When a card is presented anywhere in payment for goods or services, the place of business can accept the card without question if the amount is below an agreed limit, usually between twenty-five and fifty dollars. For a larger purchase, authorization is needed, though it takes only seconds to obtain.

The approval procedures move at jet speed. From whereever they are, merchants and others dial directly to the credit-card processing center of the bank. Automatically each call is routed to a free operator, whose first words are, "What is your merchant number?" As soon as the answer has been given, the operator types the figures, which appeares simultaneously on the monitor. Next she asks the card number and amount of credit being sought. They are also typed and displayed.

The operator presses the key, feeding the information to a computer, which instantly signals "accepted" or "declined". The first means that credit is good and the purchase has been approved, the second mat the cardholder is delinquent and credit has been cut off. The operator informs the merchant, the computer records the transaction. On a normal day fifteen thousand calls come in.

Sometimes a monitor flashes a message from the computer — "stolen card". In this situation an operator, speaking calmly, as trained, has to answer, "The card presented to you has been reported as stolen. If possible, detain the person presenting it and call police. Retain the card. The bank will pay you thirty dollars reward for its return."

Storekeepers are usually pleased at the prospect to get an easy thirty dollars. For the bank it is also a good deal, since the card, left in circulation, can be used fraudulently for a much greater total amount. But this system works well only when the bank has got the information and can program the computer. Unfortunately most of the defrauding happens before a missing card is reported. To avoid this the computer also warns the operators about excessive purchasing: when a cardholder makes ten or more purchases during a single day, the computer alerts an operator. Since an ordinary cardholder never makes more than six or eight purchases a day, a card showing more than normal use may be fraudulent, even though the owner might be unaware of its loss.

However, despite all the warning systems, a lost or stolen card, if used cautiously, is still good for twenty thousand dollars' worth of fraudulent purchases in the week or so during which most stolen cards stayed unreported.

Moreover, there are devices used by criminals to decide whether a stolen card can be used again or if it is hot. A favorite is to pay a waiter twenty-five dollars to check a card out. He can get the answer easily by consulting a weekly confidential warning list issued by the credit card company to merchants and restaurants.

V. Выберите в тексте сложные существительные с суффиксами, обозначающие профессию или род занятий человека, переведите эти слова без словаря. Используя данный способ, образуйте как можно больше слов.

VI. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов и выучите их:

То remain, to get. to buy, carefully, permission, a deal, an outline, mostly, robbed, not to know, commercial, to direct.

VII. В тексте имеются случаи использования слов в переносном смысле. Найдите их и дайте адекватный перевод предложений, содержащих эти слова.

VIII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских

логических скрепов.

более того, хотя, однако, как только, затем, так как, несмотря на, ли.

IX. Скажите, какие слова в тексте соответствуют следующим определениям:

shown on the screen

at the same time

a person who violates a law

a set of figures

to release a document

X. Проверьте себя, ответив на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. How many operators are sitting in the room of the credit-card processing centre? What are they supposed to answer in the situation when the computer is flashing the "stolen card" message?

3. What reward does a storekeeper get for retaining a stolen card?

4. How many purchases can a cardholder make during a single day not to alert the operator?

5. What do criminals do to decide if a stolen-card can be used again?

XI. Скажите, каким образом вы можете использовать информацию, содержащуюся в тексте, при работе по специальности.

Вариант 3

I. Переведите на русский язык:

End user, information technology industry, ailing computer manufacturing company, branches of industry, to carry out tasks, public sector computer project, Europe - wide information technology project.

II. Переведите на английский язык.

встроенный дисковый привод отдельно стоящая клавиатура немерцающий экран память в пределах 128-512 килобайт мощность в 1,3 мегабайт программные рабочие клавиши оперативные системы обработка данных

III. Сгруппируйте снова по частям речи и переведите их.

Leaving, importance, statistical, rapidly, usage, improved, maker, fortification, regularly, domestic, strong, built, owned, more, management deeper, increasingly, security, cooperation, indispensable.

IV. Составьте новые слова из корневых слов, представленных ниже и заполните ими пропуски:

compute

1. The operator fed the information to the ... which signaled "accepted".

2. ... is one of the typical features of the contemporary life style.

3. In various business spheres ... systems are used very efficiently.

apply

1. Computers have found their ... even in school management.

2. An ... was interviewed by the personnel manager with great interest.

3. Why don't you ... for this job you have experience in this field.

finance

1. "Fiscal" in the business language means "...".

2. If you are interested whether a business is successful you can ask the ... of the firm and he will get you a picture.

3. Setting up a sole proprietorship one should decide where he will get...

compete

1. Each company in market-oriented country tries to win ...

2. The advertiser run the ad where he did his best to show that their product had

excelled the?

3. "Our products ought to be ... if we want to go international'', - said the chairman.

IV. Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем интернациональные слова, определите их значение.

1. COMPUTERS ADVERTIZED

Newspapers, journals, radio commercials and many other means of advertising regularly popularize computers, printers and various computerized equipment. Here is one of many ads:

Olympia, Germany, introduces its "people 16-bit professional microcomputer" that can serve as a personal computer to perform applications such as word and data processing, financial planning and modeling, database management and statistical analysis. Software packages include WordStar, supercals and dbase2.

It includes cpu with built-in disc drives, Intel microprocessor, 128-512 kb memory, two floppy-disc drives with 1.3 mb capacity, and parallel and serial is interfaces. Unit has 91-key, free-standing key­board that can be positioned for operator comfort that offers 12 pro -gramabie function keys. Non-glare 30.5 cm green display can be swiveled and tilted. Users can select anyone of the three operating systems. Graphic software is available. Colour monitor with eight-colour palette is optional.

2. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS

Computers are getting deeper and deeper into our life. They are indispensable in sрасе research, communication, medicine, metallurgy, light industry, information technology and many other branches of industry. Many countries have introduced computers into agriculture, education, transport and many other spheres. Computers provide security and safety of various processes, diagnose numerous cases and do a lot in monitoring different developments. In short they help to carry out increasingly complex tasks and their application sometimes helps to prevent disasters, tragedies and accidents. Many people have a high degree of computer literacy. Computer games are also now very popular with children, young men and grown-ups.

Here is a short curious newspaper item about rather unexpected application of computers:

The managements of some American schools have found an original application for computers. Now teachers simply feed into the memory of the machine names of the absentees and it begins to phone their parents and warn that their children have missed lessons.

The teachers and parents like the new system and only pupils fail out of favour with it.

3. COMPUTER MAKERS

Computer making industry is developing rapidiy and new or improved and modified types of computers (hardware) as well as new programmers (software) come into wide usage. The end users make this industry move forward all the time. The competition is very strong on the world market. Here is a newspaper article speaking about the computer market in European countries which arc on the way to United Europe with headquarters in Brussels:

At the conference which started in Venice yesterday leaders of Europe's ailing computer manufacturing companies called for action fiom Diussels. The companies wanted Brussels to ensure the survival of a significant European information technology industry. The chief executives of Groupe Bull de Fiance, Olivetti of Italy and Siemens-Nixford of Germany complained they were at a disadvantage compared with their U.S. and Japanese competitors. These U.S. and Japanese companies, they said, enjoyed the benefits of a strong home market and cooperation between the public sector and the computer industry. In these countries, they added, more than 90 per cent of public contracts went to domestic companies. In Europe European-owned companies had only a 30 percent share of the market for public sector computer projects. The other 70 per cent of contracts went to foreign countries and foreign-owned companies of Europe, The European computer companies stressed that a more sympathetic relationship with the public authorities should be built in Europe. Mr. Francis Lawrenlz. chairman of Groupe Bull, said he was not seeking protection or fortifications around Europe, but a coherent policy from Diusseis leaving no doubt as to the importance of the industry. Among other measures, they asked for involvement at an early stage in the planning of Europe-wide information technology projects. It would give them a good chance of securing final contracts.

VI. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слое и выучите их:

there is; not mandatory; necessary; to dislike; - to look for; to emphasize; catastrophe; expertise.

VII. Прочтите текст, разделите его на смысловые части, подберите названия к каждой из них.

VIII. Подберите словам из левой колонки определения из правой.

Software Optiona l Literacy Cooperation Headquarters Computer

ability to write and read mutual work main office electronic machine computer –programs not mandatory

IX. Ответьте на вопросы, опираясь на содержание прочитанного текста:

1. What means of advertising computers and equipment are widely used?

2. When and in what newspaper do you think the quoted ad was published?

3. Did you find the information of the short newspaper item rather curious?

4. Whose idea was it to use computers in this way?

5. What conference discussed the problems of the computer market?

6. What countries and companies complained of their poor position?

7. What help did they want to have from Brussels?

8. Why did they turn to Brussels?

X. Скажите, в каких областях человеческой деятельности используются

компьютеры и можете ли вы предложить новые идеи по применению компьютера в других сферах.