1. The airport is the multifunctional transport plant, which is a ground part of an air transport system ensuring take-off and landing aircraft, their ground service, methods of the passengers, luggage, freights, mail processing. And also creates conditions for functioning airlines and state bodies (customs, boundary and etc.).

The principal function of general aviation airports is to provide facilities for privately owned aircraft used for business and personal activities.

Functions of an airport:

• Handling of passengers

• Servicing, maintaining, and engineering of aircraft

• Airline operations, including aircrew, cabin attendants, ground crew, and terminal and office staff

• Businesses that provide services to passengers and are necessary for the economic stability of the airport (e.g., concessionaires, leasing companies, etc.)

• Aviation support facilities (e.g., air traffic control, meteorology, etc.)

• Government functions (e.g., agricultural inspection, customs, immigration, health)

2. Airport classification is provided by criteria:

1 – international – carry out big quantity of international flights;

2 – regional – provide main needs in transportation of separate regions, short international airlines, charter and internal flights;

3 – domestic airports – maintain aircrafts with quantity of places less than 25, cargo transportations, transportations that are carried out by aircrafts of business aviation;

4 – airports of business aviation – maintain business flights.

Today in Ukraine, the classification of airports implements on following indexes:

• by categories;

• by the status;

• by a capability to receive various types of aircrafts.

On categories airports of Ukraine are divided on:

• of state value ("Boryspil");

• regional – ("Symferopil", "Odesa", "Donetck", "Kharkiv", "Lviv") etc.;

• of local value – located in regional centers, large industrial areas, resort zones.

Whenever possible to receive various types of aircrafts, airports are divided on:

• airports capable to receive civil airplanes without limitations ("Boryspil", "Symferopil");

• capable to receive aircrafts of the 1 class and lower (M=75т/10т helic. and more);

• capable to receive aircrafts of the 2 classes and lower (M=30-75т/5-10т hel.);

• capable to receive aircrafts not more than the 3 class (M=10-30т itself./2-5т hel.).

On status airports are divided on:

• international;

• internal.

3. Quantity of organizations interacting with an airport is large enough, they are following:

• local authorities and municipalities;

• central government;

• concessionaires;

• suppliers;

• police;

• fire protection, first aid and medical service;

• a meteorological service;

• an engineering service;

• a feed (meal, power) and duty-free trade;

• sanitarian services;

• other airlines and private contractors;

• the visitors;

• meeting and seeing off.

5. The airport passenger and freight terminals are themselves facilities that have three distinct functions:

• Change of mode.

• Processing.

• Change of movement type.

Change of mode - To provide a physical linkage between the air vehicle and the surface vehicle designed to accommodate the operating characteristics of the vehicles on landside and airside, respectively.

Processing - To provide the necessary facilities for ticketing, documentation, and control of passengers and freight.

Change of movement type - To convert continual shipments of freight by trucks and of departing passengers by car, bus, taxi, and train to aircraft-sized batches that generally depart according to a preplanned schedule and to reverse this process for arriving aircraft.

4. The airport organizational chart – is a static mode of the airoport because it shows how the airport is organized at a diven point in time.This is major limitation of the chart,because airports operate in a dynamic environment and thus must continually adapt to changing conditions.

10.The technological circuit of arriving passenger service. During preparation for unloading luggage from the arrived plane it is necessary:

- To inform the personnel of transportation management service about forthcoming arrival plane and about luggage number;

- To appoint the responsible luggage gauger and the loader;

- To allocate necessary cargo handling mechanisms and vehicles;

- To provide duly arrival to the plane parking of the attendants on a containers unloading.

Passengers accompanied by attendants on a meeting and boarding are delivered by the bus or follow on foot to a air terminal building in a baggage claim terminal.

The unloading of containers from the plane begins right after stoppage of aircraft engines with the sanction of crew members and is carried out by a brigade of platform mechanization. Transfer of containers with luggage to luggage gauger of destination airport is made by the steward of the plane after their unloading. The steward transfers to gauger the baggage register and be present at a unloading of containers from the plane and at their checking. The luggage gauger carefully checks seals of containers; he should convinced in completeness of their fastening and correctness of seal prints of. If there are no infringements, the luggage gauger signs baggage register, in case of any infringements the corresponding certificate is made.

The operational procedure of arriving passenger service consists of the following operations: - - container unloading from a board of the plane on a vehicle;

- Delivery of containers to of luggage delivery area;

- An overload of containers from a vehicle on a stage;

- Opening containers, a unloading of luggage from containers and its loading on the conveyor with simultaneous check of the data specified on a label;

- Reception of luggage by passengers;

- Delivery of empty containers in a zone of luggage consolidation.

Passengers after reception of luggage follow to an egress from luggage delivery area where luggage gauger verifies number on the luggage label and passenger claim ticket. The data about luggage delivery are fixed by luggagegauger in the luggage register.

9. The technological circuit of service of taking off passengers. The check-in of the given category is made in air terminal of the airport or other rooms equipped with the necessary equipment, means of mechanization and communication.

At the airport the following means of mechanization, the equipment and stock are placed:

- The tractor or the electric tractor with train of container trailer for delivery of passenger luggage;- cargo handling stage;- containers;- hook-on loader of containers;- apron passenger transport buses;- check-in desks;- load scale for luggage and hand luggage;- monitors with the information about flights;- indexes (pointers) of flights at airport gate and at gangways of the plane;- intercoms;- electronic devices for check-in summarizing;- the special equipment for departing passenger control;- electric trucks for delivery of large-sized luggage to the plane.

The departure concourse should consist of the following zones:

- passenger service;- luggage reception;- the special control;- the luggage consolidation;- boarding expectation.

Technological process of service of taking off passengers consists of the following operations:

- Delivery of empty containers in a zone of luggage consolidation (the executor – the tractor driver);

- Preparation for check-in and special checking (the executor – the check-in attendant, luggage gauger, the loader, inspector);

- Ticket checking and luggage reception (the check-in attendant, luggage gauger, the loader);

- special checking of passengers (the attendant on special checking);

- the container sealing, trailer loading (luggage gauger, the loader, the tractor driver);

- Containers transportation to the plane, delivery of platform mechanization means to the plane (the tractor driver);

- Check-in summarizing, the documentation execution (the check-in attendant, luggage gauger, the loader);

- Passenger boarding (the boarding attendant);

- Loading containers in the plane (a work crew on platform mechanization, the tractor driver);

- Aircraft towing and the engine start.

8. There are three basic methods of ground service of passengers are applied: the basic, simplified, airbus.

The basic method is the most widespread. The passenger who has arrived to the airport, registers tickets and makes out luggage in air terminal. The group passenger boarding is made after check-in. The luggage which is handed over by passengers in air terminal, is completed to flight and loaded into luggage compartments of the plane according to the centering schedule. This method of service is typical for long-haul service (air-lines of the big extent). Advantage of this method is the maximal passenger convenience,disadvantage is the big duration of carrying out operations in comparison with other methods.

The basic method can be carried out under three technological circuits: by flight, free, mixed.

By-flight technological circuit provides allocation of one – two workplaces in an operational hall for each flight where passenger check-in and luggage reception is made. This circuit excludes sending luggage not to destination. Disadvantage of this method is presence of queue at separate workplaces. Each workplace of by-flight system is served by two employees of transportation service - by the duty registrar and a luggage loader.

The free technological circuit represents an opportunity for the passenger to check-in the ticket and to hand over luggage at any workplace in an operational hall. At this circuit process of luggage processing by flights becomes complicated. But this method allows to mechanize the processing processes and to reduce time for ground passenger service.

Disadvantage of this method is complexity of passenger check-in who have arrived to air terminal shortly before the latest check-in. Passengers can get in queue for passengers of more distant flights on sending and cannot have a time to confirm a ticket.

The mixed circuit assumes luggage consolidation after preliminary sorting luggage on flights. The beginning of luggage transportation to the plane is 10-12 minutes before aircraft departure time. The luggage loading to luggage compartments should be ended simultaneously with passenger boarding.

The simplified methodconsists in that passenger check-in and luggage reception is made not in air terminal, but on air platform or is direct near aircraft gangway. In this case the luggage to the plane is delivered by passengers. This method is applied on small and medium hauls without intermediate landings. Advantage of a method is significant time reduction of ground service, and disadvantage is comfort absence of passenger service.

Airbus method is typical for air-lines with an intensive passenger and air traffic. In this case passengers obtain tickets in air terminal before flight or directly at the stewardess in the plane interior. The luggage is transported by passengers.

6. Centralized Passenger Terminal System is a system, where all processing is carries out in main terminal building and access at the aircraft gates was attained by piers and satellites or by a person transport. The advantages of those models of airports that it can be more efficient and of curse cost effective. But also it has disadvantages which are unable to deal with the substantial growth in passengers’ number. And the walking distances is very small so the airport becomes congested.Decentralized designs mean that interlining passengers must have some form of transit system to permit reasonable interterminal movement. Decentralized airport which is more than one terminal and each terminal has complete set of processing facilities. The advantages of those model is that the number of passengers never become comfortably high and it can process a large number of passengers and the walking distances are kept low. Also there is a disadvantage which is that the investment is so high complete sets of facilities and personnel. 7.Staffdepartments. Staffdepartmentsarethosewhichprovidedirectmanagerialsupport to theairportdirectororgeneralmanager. Oftenrelativelysmallinsizeintermsofpersonnel, theyareengagedindecisionmakingthathasanimpactonthewholeorganization.

Linedepartments.Linedepartmentsaretheportionsoftheorganizationengagedinthe day-to-day operationofthefacility. Incomparisonwiththestaffdepartments, theyusuallyrequireheavystaffing.

• What is air freight waybill? What does it include?

Fast transportation of cargoes by air is impossible without correctly made documents, such as the airfreight waybill which is:

1. An reception assurance by airline of a cargo for transportation;

2. An accompanying note in which the applied documentation is specified and special instructions are reflected;

3. The account - invoice in which transport charges are specified;

4. The insurance certificate if the airline carries out insurance;

5. Documentation of cargo conformity to the requirements showed by customs authorities;

6. The information that are used for making the summary list;

7. The receipt about delivery of a cargo.

Safe and effective cargo sending can be carried out only then when transported and other documents follow together with a cargo.

• Who is forwarding agent? Name the functions of the forwarding agent.

The cargo is delivered from consignors to consignee, is usual through the forwarding agent, on aircrafts of one or several airlines.

During transportation of a cargo by air the forwarding agent carries out a line of functions which include:

1. A choice of optimum types of transport, tariffs and routes of transportation;

2. The control over passage of customs inspection, preparation of the documentation and reception of licenses;

3. Ensurance of due packing of cargo sendings;

4. Complete of small sendings in larger to take advantage of lower tariffs;

5. Ensurance of cargoes delivery from consignors in the departure airport and from destination airport to consignee.

• What are the main operations of aircraft maintenance on platform?

During time when aircraft is on the ground as transit or prepares for repeated flight, the great volume of operations is carried out on platform. To exclude delays of a start and to provide necessary coordination of operations, the coordinator or the dispatcher is required.

The traffic control provides to the pilot an opportunity of maneuvering for aircraft proper parking.

The majority of arriving and departing aircraft demands service on platform. For a part of these works the representative of airline is responsible.

Service at failure detection. The defect rectification is carried out under inspection of master specialist on platform in case when the commander of the aircraft has informed about defect detection and such defects do not result in aircraft removal from flight.

Refuelling. It is carried out by the expert who is responsible and which guarantees quality and amount of the filled fuel. Refuelling is made or with mobile refueller, or with use of the single point refuelling system. Many airports use both systems to provide competitive cost of refuelling and the maximal flexibility of operations on platform.

Wheels and pneumatic. The visual physical control of wheels and pneumatic condition is made at parking place to be convinced in absence of their damages and suitability to the further operation.

The ground power supply. The aircraft is equipped with ground sources of power supplies which are supplied on board by means of a parking cable.

Clearing of ice and washing. Clearing aircraft from ice and its washing is made also if necessary. For this purpose the multi-purpose machine is used. The washing of a fuselage and wings by anti-icing liquid and washing of the plane, windows of interior, cockpit windows are carried out with the help of this machine.

Cooling and heating. The heating and cooling installations which provide the required internal temperature in cabin are necessary in many climatic conditions when aircraft is on parking without operation.

Sanitary hygienic maintenance of the aircraft, (toilets maintenance, water for engines and potable water)

• What are the main tasks of the aircraft maintenance service?

The maintenance service of aircrafts is part of a production and technical complex of the airport (the passenger service, mail-cargo service belong to this complex). This service also carries out such main tasks:

1. To plan the list of works on the ground service, necessary labour and technical resources according to the plan of flights and carrier proposals;

2. To provide and supervise the readiness of the necessary equipment;

3. To organize observance of technological schedules of ground service, to coordinate actions of ground services;

4. To organize and supervise estimation of the executed works;

5. To carry out additional services, such as delivery of crews, seat reservation in hotel, providing with a communication facilities;

6. To create rescue division, to carry out its training

Give the classification of cargo according to its processing in air terminal.

The most airports are capable of handling air freight in some capacity, the size

and form of the cargo terminal facilities vary substantially. The degree of sophistication

provided depends on the following factors:

• Mix and flow characteristics of the cargo

• Characteristics of the surface and air vehicles

• Degree of mechanization

Air cargo can arrive at the terminal in two forms: as a large number of small consign-

ments that require sorting, storing, and batching before transfer to the aircraft or as

containerized large unit loads, requiring far less handling at the cargo terminal itself.

The size and type of anticipated aircraft will affect the materials handling procedures

adopted in the cargo terminal; the various aircraft types have differing requirements

of standard containers, low containers, igloos, and pallets.

Automation and mechanization in the freight terminal have been introduced

successfully with the development of transfer vehicles (TVs) and elevated transfer

vehicles (ETVs). TVs move freight on one level, while ETVs move containers both

horizontally and vertically into storage racks.

17. What is the airfield? What sublayers does it include?

Airfield is a part of an airport where take-off, landing, taxiing, storage, short and long time parking, handling and maintenance of aircraft take place.

The artificial airfield covering is consists of the 3 layers: 1) actually covering, which is constructed of the strongest material and directly perceive the loading of the aircraft and nature factors; 2) artificial basis. It provides the transfer of vertical loading from the aircrafts to the earth basis(third layer).

16. What does the constant quality control of work performance provide?

The necessary condition of successful actions of aircraft service is constant quality control of work performance. It consists of:

• The constant control of ground service technology according to valid standards;

• The monthly quality analysis under the accepted circuit;

• Constant perfection of technologies and the equipment

• Daily performance of all service parameters;

• Constant improvement of employee professional skills.

Functionally the aircraft service operates as follows. Before aircraft arrival the agent on the organization of ground service receives at the dispatcher on the organization and performance of ground service the telegram, specifies an arrival time and take-off of the aircraft, establishes necessary technical and labour resources. After aircraft arrival he meets the representative of a carrier - member of crew, specifies the list of necessary ground works, calls necessary means of ground service (special machines, mechanisms and so on), organizes and supervises performance of the technological schedule of service.

After service the agent signs at a member of crew « the Card of ground service » with the list of the executed operations. In the loading sheet the established value of payment for the executed operations is noted.

After aircraft departure the specified data are definitely processed, and the account for payment is transferred to a carrier.

There are few circuits of aircraft service organization, each of them has the advantages and disadvantages, but for all circuits there should be an economic justification and the principle «price – quality» is carried out at unconditional compliance to requirements of aviation and flight safety.

15. What are the main tasks of the aircraft maintenance service?

The maintenance service of aircrafts is part of a production and technical complex of the airport (the passenger service, mail-cargo service belong to this complex). This service also carries out such main tasks:

1. To plan the list of works on the ground service, necessary labour and technical resources according to the plan of flights and carrier proposals;

2. To provide and supervise the readiness of the necessary equipment;

3. To organize observance of technological schedules of ground service, to coordinate actions of ground services;

4. To organize and supervise estimation of the executed works;

5. To carry out additional services, such as delivery of crews, seat reservation in hotel, providing with a communication facilities;

6. To create rescue division, to carry out its training.