36. Why does an author try to express consciousness and self-consciousness of a character? Why does

he need it to do? Give your examples.

Inner world of characters in literary works, including his intentions, thoughts, feelings conscious and the unconscious, is embodied in the works differently. An author in his literary artistic work tries to express consciousness and self-consciousness of a character because nominally through the consciousness of a character an author explains each character if it is positive or negative one in his work. Through expressing consciousness and self-consciousness of a character he just conveys his own worldview as it depends on in which period of time he lives and in what ways the mentality of his society made influence on him. Here are some typical phrases from Homer's "Iliad" : " So he said - and the heart of Patroclus also exploited ," " And , compassing , exclaimed ," " Zeus revealed fear at Ajax ." In the epic Homer ( as in later Greek tragedies ) human feeling has reached passions , drawn " close-up " , getting pathetic expression. Let’s rememory the last chapter of " The Iliad ", which refers to the grief of Priam , burying his son Hector. This is one of the deepest penetrations of human experience of ancient literature in the world. The depth of his father's grief and suggest action of Priam , who was not afraid for ransom son's body to go into the camp of the Achaeans to Achilles , and the hero's own words about his misfortune befell.

37. The examples of portraits in literature.

Portrait in the literature a means of artistic characteristics, consisting in that the writer reveals the typical character of his heroes and expresses his ideological attitude towards them through the appearance of heroes: their figures, faces, clothes, movements, gestures and manners. It is particularly interesting to analyze the portrait in the works of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. Brings together these authors primarily historical epoch. In addition, in Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, the focus is man, his psychology, his inner world, and at the same time the portraits in the works of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy largely different. Consider an image portrait of the hero in the novel "Anna Karenina". Of L.N.Tolstoy and "Crime and Punishment" of F.Dostoyevsky. Let's start with technique of the portrait. Portraits of Dostoevsky motionless, they resemble paintings, which can be seen in art galleries. Here are some examples: "... he was exceptionally handsome, with beautiful dark eyes, taller than middle, thin and slender" (Raskolnikov). In Tolstoy quite differently. Physical description of the characters is given individual touches, as if passing to the description of actions and behavior of the characters. First portrait with which we meet in the novel - this image of Prince Stepan Arkadyevitch Oblonsky. Details of this portrait scattered the pages of the first three chapters. Tolstoy begins with a description of the figure of the hero just a few words. But the description is given in the movement: "He turned over his stout, well-groomed body ..." (A Dostoevsky probably would have said: "It was a complete, well-groomed man.")