9. Presence of the reader in a literary work: the image of a reader, a reader-addressee, an implicit reader, a real reader. Give your examples.

The reader may be present in the product directly , being concretized and localized in its text . a reader-addressee - the potential , prospective reader text. Explicit reader is most clearly revealed in comparison with a "failed reader ", a role which , for example, performs a series of a reader-addressee ( reader explicit ) novel Chernyshevsky "What? " (" Perceptive reader ", " readers" and "Good public" and etc.). Problem implicit reader is characterized here as the need to define its position in relation to the views of all these " readers" and synthesize into a coherent conceptual whole inner world of the novel, mediated for him twice : first " feed " material storyteller, and then perception " readers."

Real reader - this thoughtful reader , that is, the person who reads the book carefully , ponder over every word. For example, in Chekhov 's story "The Man in a Case" by drawing the main character says that he had a knife in a case, and an umbrella , too, was in the bag , and glasses , and other items - all were placed in the case. Yes, and the hero seemed to be in some case: coat with the collar turned up , his galoshes . Minor details describing habits and appearance of the hero, but when read into the story further , you realize that all life Belikov - this case , beyond which he is afraid to come : "As if something happens ."

Explicitly reader - acts as a character in the text recorded in the form of a direct appeal to his explicit website reader.

Specific case of conscious writer harping receiving explicit reader can serve Chernyshevsky "What? " Where in the text of the work displayed dispute "author" and " discerning reader " with his lover settings "traditional fiction ," declares its " knowledge " stereotyped canons narrative. Here explicit reader performs the function of " insolvent reader" which is the object of irony text narrative strategies aimed at the destruction of the traditional perception of the inertial system to divert the attention of the implicit reader to more important , from the point of view of the author , problems, issues than purely literary character .

10. How does literature reflect the relationship between the author and the reader? Give your examples.

In the receiving activity lawfully distinguish two sides. During the development of a literary work is inherently important primarily live and unsophisticated , non-analytic , holistic response to it . Immediate impulses and mind reader will relate to the creative author of the work is very difficult. Here we have the perceiver and the dependence of the artist-creator , and independence of the first relative to the second . Discussing the problem of " the reader - the author ," scientists have expressed divergent , sometimes polar one another judgment. They either absolutise readership initiative , or , on the contrary , say the obedience of the reader to the author as a kind of unquestioned norm perception of literature .