Laboratory Work

Infinitive

Инфинитив — это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола и существительного.

Свойства глагола состоят в том, что инфинитив:

1. обладает категориями вида (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect) и залога (Active, Passive),

2. может иметь зависимые слова,

3. может определяться наречием.

Свойства существительного состоят в том, что в предложении инфинитив может выполнять те же функции, что и существительное. В предложении инфинитив может быть:

1. подлежащим: To see is to know.

2. частью составного сказуемого,

а) составного именного: All you have to do is to write a letter.

b) составного модального: He may visit our town next month.

3. дополнением: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi. I promised not to be late.

4. определением: I have a lot of work to do.

5. обстоятельством:

а) цели: He left the village to enter the University.

b) результата (со словами -too- или -enough-): He is too young to have his own car.

* Инфинитив иногда употребляется без частицы «to»:

• после модальных глаголов: Only a person who knows the language very well can answer the question.

• после глаголов -to let- и -to make-: She made me go to work on Sunday.

• после выражений: I would rather ... You had better ...

• в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.): I saw him enter the room.

Инфинитив используется:

1. для выражения цели: He went to university to become a lawyer.

2. после определённых глаголов:

agree arrange attempt prepare want

appear refuse fail intend pretend ...

decide hope manage wish

expect aim promise seem

offer afford threaten hesitate

plan forget mean

3. после определённых прилагательных:

nice glad sorry surprised

happy interesting difficult astonished

pleased sad disappointed delighted, etc.

Tom was surprised to see you at the concert.

4. после фраз: I would like/would love/would prefer

5. с конструкцией: it + be + adjective (+ of + noun/pronoun)

It was generous of him to offer $ 1.000.

6. после: be + the first/second, etc./next/last/lest etc.

He was the last to come to work.

7. в следующих устойчивых словосочетаниях:

• to cut a long story short - короче говоря

• to tell (you) the truth - сказать (вам) по правде

• to say nothing of - не говоря уже о

• to put it mildly - мягко выражаясь

• to be honest - честно говоря

• to begin with - начнём с того что

• to say the least of it - по меньшей мере

Exercises:

1. Fill in the gaps with -to- where necessary.

1. Are you sure you can ... afford ... waste another year?

2. I've never been to Iceland but I'd like ... go there.

3. The film was very sad. It made me ... cry.

4. Where would you recommend me ... go for my holiday?

5. You'd better ... stay in bed.

6. Will you be able ... let your son ... decide his future?

7. Do you like ... listen to good music?

8. I'm in a difficult position. What do you advise me ... do?

9. I need a car ... get to my country-house.

10. Carol's parents always encouraged her ... study hard at school.

11. We did everything we could ... make him ... join us.

12. I wanted ... speak to Nick, but couldn't ... find his telephone number.

13. She didn't let her mother ... go away.

14. Let me ... help you with your homework.

15. We'd rather ... take a train than ... fly.