Составитель - Татьяна Павловна Волкова, ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета

Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены кафедрой иностранных языков 20 мая 1998 г., протокол № 9

Рецензент - В. Н. Зыкова, ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета

Редактор Г.В. Зобнина

© Мурманский государственный технический университет, 1998

Введение

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов второго курса естественно-технического факультета, обучающихся по специальности «Геология и разведка полезных ископаемых». Лексическим материалом для данного пособия послужили специальные тексты и геолого­минералогические словари.

Цель данного пособия состоит в активизации навыков говорения по теме «Моя будущая специальность».

Пособие состоит из предтекстовых упражнений, основного текста, содержащего информацию о естественно-техническом факультете МГТУ, причинах его создания и сферах деятельности будущих геологов; послетекстового словаря и ряда упражнений, предназначенных для активизации лексического и грамматического материала текста. Кроме этого, в пособие включен диалог, работа над которым должна способствовать развитию навыков диалогической речи студентов.

1. В результате изучения данного пособия студенты должны расширить свой лексический запас за счет новых слов и терминов, связанных с их будущей профессией, научиться обсуждать данную тему, говорить о своем факультете и своей будущей работе на английском языке.

1. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English words:

Geophysics, minerals, magmatism, mineralogy, geochronology, geochemistry, compass, formation, structure, composition, atmosphere, hydrosphere, drift, tundra, ecology, base, tent, vanady, platinum, isotope.

2. Read the explanations and try to translate the underlined words:

1. To establish means to set up a new institution, firm. 2. Natural Sciences are a study of the natural world, i.e. chemistry, biology, geology. 3. To determine means: a) to fix, to find out precisely; b) to decide firmly, to make up one’s mind. 4. To connect is to join, to be joined. These two towns are joined by a railway. 5. To relate is to connect in meaning. It is difficult to relate these results to any unknown cause. 6. Steep means rising or falling sharply. 7. To solve means to find the answer to a problem; to explain a difficulty: to solve a crossword puzzle. 8. Prosperity is a state of being successful; good fortune: a life of happiness and prosperity; live in prosperity. 9. To appear means to come into view, become visible.

3. Read and translate the text:

My speciality is geologist

In 1996 a new faculty was established at the Murmansk State Technical University - the faculty of natural sciences. Now it includes some divisions. They are ecology, oil and gas engineering and geology. So, in 1996 our university began to train specialists in the field of geology. 25 girls and boys were admitted at the faculty of geology in 1996. They are going to connect their lives with this traditionally romantic profession. Usually the profession of geologist is related to distant expeditions and a geologist in our opinion is a traveler carrying heavy rucksack, a hammer with a long handle and a compass, he is climbing up a steep mountain path.

So, what does it mean, geology? Geology is a Greek word: Geo means Earth, the planet we live on; and logy is Greek for knowledge or science. So, you worked out what GEOLOGY is? It is the science of the Earth.

Geology is one of the oldest sciences. When cave-men looked for hard stones for their axes, they were being geologists. In those distant times, of course, people only used what they found on the surface of the Earth. It was many thousands years later before they learnt to use the riches hidden under the Earth's surface.

Modern geology is an alloy of sciences about the Earth, studying composition, structure and history of our planet formation, the origin of the Earth as a planet, its abyssal structure, composition and properties, formation of the Earth's crust and minerals, origin of the life on the Earth, atmosphere and hydrosphere, drift of continents and origin of oceans are not a complete list of fundamental theoretical problems, which are studied by modern geology.

Besides, geology deals with solving very significant practical problems on providing the society with mineral raw and fuel resources. For that purpose there are a plenty of specialities in geology and the most popular and attractive among them is the speciality of geologist-prospector. The popularity of this profession is predetermined by its great importance for the prosperity of society, which always depends on the necessary mineral and raw base.

Look at the map of the Kola Peninsula: Nickel, Apatity, Magnetity, Sluda, Novy Titan... . All these names have come of mineral names: ores, fields, which were discovered by geologists in the 30s-40s. Towns and cities, concentrating plants and factories appeared on the places of the geologists' tents. The Kola Peninsula is turned out to be a real treasury of minerals. Recently the gold deposit in Karelia, platinum in Pana tundra, vanady on the Onega Peninsula, diamonds on the Zimny and Tersky shores of the White Sea were discovered. To coordinate the work on development of the mineral resources the Khibin mining station was established. Later it was renamed to the Kola Branch of the Academy of Sciences. For studying the abyssal structure of the Kola Peninsula the deepest in the world pore was set near Zapolyarny in 1970, and in 1995 on a basis of the Research and Production Centre «The Kola Superdeep» the Kola Department of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences was founded.

Thus, the bowels of the Kola Peninsula are an important source of minerals and in connection with this they are a base of social and economic development of North West of Russia. Therefore in the nearest future enterprises of mining industry will need hundreds and thousands of specialists - geologists.

That's why the Russian State Committee on Higher Educational Institutions made a decision to start training Bachelors of Science in the specialised field «Geology and Prospecting of Minerals» at the Murmansk State Technical Uhiversity. The main special department carrying out training the specialists in the field of geology is the Department of Geology and Minerals. The department was established on the basis of the Institute of Geology of the Kola Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KSC RAS). 10 lecturers work at the department, including 6 Doctors of Sciences (PhD), 3 Candidates of Sciences, all of them are research workers of the Institute of Geology of the KSC RAS.

The main subjects studied at the department are:

• General Geology

• Historical Geology and Fundamentals of Palaeontology

• Structural Geology

• Regional Geology

• Geology of Ore Fields of the Barents Region

• Mineralogy and Crystallography

• Petrography and Lithology

• Fundamentals of Theory of Minerals

• Fundamentals of Geophysics

• Geophysical Methods of Research and Data Interpretation

• Search and Prospecting of Fields of Minerals.

The department disposes laboratories of regional geology, geophysics, magmatism, mineralogy, geochronology and geochemistry of isotopes. The laboratories are equipped with the modern analytical, mass spectrometer, X-ray spectral, photometry and other devices, allowing to study all the numerous fields of minerals of the Kola Peninsula, and also to solve the problems connected with the technological mineral raw processing. The special geological library has about 200 000 volumes of literature.

The objects of the professional activities of the BSc of this specialised field are the enterprises of the mining industry including:

• fields of mineral resources;

• technical aids of studying the geological structure of the Earth, searching and prospecting fields of mineral resources.

The graduates of this specialised field are the specialists having fundamental higher education. So, in accordance with the fundamental and special training they can carry out designing, production and administrative, technological and research activities. Besides, they can be employed in the construction, assembling and adjusting works, and environmental activity.

After receiving the fundamental higher education the graduates of this specialised field will be able to continue their education in the other higher educational institutions to master during another 1-1,5 years the professional educational programmes according to the following specialities:

«Geological Survey, Searching and Prospecting»

«Geophysical Methods of Searching and Prospecting»

«Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Petrology»

«Hydrogeology and Industrial Geology»

«Oil and Gas Geology»

«Technology and Technique of Prospecting of Mineral Resources».

Vocabulary

geology and prospecting of minerals	геология и разведка полезных ископаемых
hammer	молоток
cave-man	пещерный человек
axe	топор
ore	руда
surface	поверхность
alloy	сплав
abyssal structure	глубинное строение
properties	свойства
the Earth’s crust	земная кора
raw	сырье
fuel	топливо
prospector	разведчик
mining	горный, горнодобывающий
concentrating	обогатительный
treasury	кладовая, сокровищница
deposit	месторождение
pore	скважина
bowels	недра
General Geology	общая геология
Historical Geology Fundamentals of Palaeontology	историческая геология основы палеонтологии
Structural Geology	структурная геология
data interpretation processing	интерпретация данных обработка
search and prospecting fields of minerals	поиск и разведка месторождения полезных ископаемых
designing	проектирование
production	производство
construction	строительство
assembling and adjusting works environmental activity geological survey mass spectrometer X-ray spectral	монтажные и наладочные работы природоохранная деятельность геологическая съемка масс-спектрометрический рентгеноспектральный